Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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Efficient Delivery of Toxoid Antigens using Micro/Nano-carriers

마이크로/나노-운반체를 이용한 톡소이드 항원의 효과적인 전달 방법

  • Park, Ga-Young (School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Ahn, Gna (School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Se Hee (School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Sang Bum (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Yang-Hoon (School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Ahn, Ji-Young (School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University)
  • 박가영 (충북대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과) ;
  • 안근아 (충북대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과) ;
  • 이세희 (충북대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과) ;
  • 김상범 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원 낙농과) ;
  • 김양훈 (충북대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과) ;
  • 안지영 (충북대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과)
  • Received : 2018.04.04
  • Accepted : 2018.04.26
  • Published : 2018.04.30
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Abstract

Immunization has been performed for centuries and is generally accepted as a sustainable method of controlling bacteria, viruses, and mediated and infectious diseases. Despite many studies having been performed on animal subjects to demonstrate the importance of toxin immunity, the use of toxoid vaccines in humans and animals has been limited for a long time. Recently, the development of the toxoid antigen delivery system has been facilitated using novel nano-medicinal technology. The micro/nano-carrier has been used to improve vaccination coverage as well as reduce vaccine costs. A micro/nano-carrier is a micro/nano-sized material that delivers immune cargo, including recombinant or peptide toxoid antigens. These toxoid antigens are either encapsulated in the interior or displayed on the surface of micro/nano-carriers as a way to protect them from the cellular machinery. In particular, the combination of toxoid antigens and micro/nano-carriers can induce phagocytosis through the specific interactions between GCs and macrophages; thus, the toxoid antigens can be delivered easily into the macrophages. This paper reviews recent achievements of micro/nano-carriers in the field of vaccine delivery systems such as microbial ghost cells (GCs, Bacterial ghost cells and Yeast ghost cells), gene-manipulated outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and biocompatible, polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs, NP-Carrier and NP-Cage). Finally, this review shows various aspects in terms of the hosts' immune responses.

톡소이드는 독성은 제거되고 항원성은 유지시킨 독소 단백질로써, 다양한 병원체의 감염 및 질병 예방을 위해 지속적으로 연구 되었다. 그러나, 톡소이드의 활성 감소 및 이와 함께 사용하는 어쥬번트의 부작용 등이 지속적으로 보고되면서, 면역성은 강화하고 어쥬번트의 사용은 줄일 수 있는 톡소이드 항원 전달 시스템이 필요하게 되었다. 따라서, 이러한 단점을 개선하고자 최근 새로운 백신과 약물 전달수송을 위해 다양한 분야에서 활용하고 있는 마이크로/나노 운반체를 톡소이드 항원에 도입하고 있다. 이와 같은 마이크로/나노 운반체는 미생물 자체를 이용하거나 미생물을 통해 생산해 낼 수도 있으며, 더 나아가 다양한 소재의 폴리머를 이용하여 제작할 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 톡소이드 항원 전달을 위한 마이크로/나노 운반체를 미생물 유래의 ghost cells (GCs), 그람 음성 세균이 분비하는 outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 및 고분자 폴리머로 구성된 nanoparticles (NPs)으로 분류하였다. 마지막으로 각 운반체에 대한 톡소이드 항원의 전달 방식 및 이를 적용하였을 때 일어나는 면역반응에 대하여 서술하였으며, 이를 통해 향후 톡소이드의 효율 및 부작용이 개선되기를 기대한다.

Keywords

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