Fig. 1. Shaded relief topographic map showing the study area location (rectangular box) in the northwestern part for he Nari caldera (modified after Kim and Lee, 2008)
Fig. 2. Topographic map of the Nari caldera area, northern Ulleung Island, showing the sampling sites.
Fig. 3. The dam constructed at Yongchulso Spring.
Fig. 4. Water types plotted on a Piper diagram.
Fig. 5. Stiff diagrams of Sungin Valley and Sillyung Spring. (a) Sungin Valley 1 (October 2010). (b) Sungin Valley 2 (October 2010). (c) Sillyung spring (August 2010).
Fig. 6. Stiff diagrams for Yungchulso Spring 2 by season.
Fig. 7. Stiff diagrams forYungchulso Spring 3(discharge water) by season.
Fig. 8. Chemical relationships of HCO3 and Na with EC.
Fig. 9. Chemical relationships of Na and Ca with HCO3
Fig. 10. Chemical relationships of Ca and K with Na.
Fig. 11. Chemical relationships of Cl, Ca, and SO4 with F.
Fig. 12. Chemical relationships of Eh with Do and of Na with Cl.
Fig. 13. Factor plot of the hydrochemical characteristics of Ulleung water.
Table 1. Spring water and stream water of northern Ulleung Island. CS: Chusan Spring, SY: Silyungsu, SV: Sungin Valley stream(*). The unit of chemical component concentrations is mg/L unless otherwise noted.
Table 2. Correlation matrix of physicochemical components
Table 3. Factor matrix extracted using principal component analysis
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