Food Science and Industry (식품과학과 산업)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

New paradigm for human intervention study in functional food development

인체에서 식품의 기능성 확인을 위한 최신의 분석 방법

  • Kim, Ji Yeon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kim, Min Seo (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jeong, Sewon (BiofoodCRO Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kwon, Oran (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University)
  • 김지연 (서울과학기술대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김민서 (서울과학기술대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 정세원 (바이오푸드씨알오) ;
  • 권오란 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2018.03.07
  • Accepted : 2018.03.15
  • Published : 2018.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Functional food research has been struggling to demonstrate their beneficial effects in human, however, the physiological changes in humans who are in the target for functional food are very subtle and long term. In addition, it is difficult to obtain significant beneficial effect because of the necessity of using relatively healthy subjects. Relatively healthy subjects are homeostatic, and most of the biomarkers maintain a certain level under the "normal" or "resting" state. Moreover, due to wide inter-individual variation, it is difficult to detect significant changes. To address this problem, research has been actively conducted to identify the efficacy of natural products using 'omics' and 'bioinformatics' technology. In this review, we would like to introduce the human intervention studies applied homeostatic challenge model.

Keywords

References

  1. Aiyer AN, Kip KE, Marroquin OC, Mulukutla SR, Edmundowicz D, Reis SE. Racial differences in coronary artery calcification are not attributed to differences in lipoprotein particle sizes: the Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (Heart SCORE) study. Am. Heart. J. 153: 328-334 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2006.11.002
  2. Albers R, Antoine JM, Bourdet-Sicard R, Calder PC, Gleeson M, Lesourd B, Samartin S, Sanderson IR, Loo JV, Dias FWV, Watzl B. Markers to measure immunomodulation in human nutrition intervention studies. Br. J. Nutr. 94: 452-481 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051469
  3. Alvarez-Suarez JM, Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Casoli T, Stefano GD, Gonzalez-Paramas AM, Santos-Buelga C, Busco F, Quiles JL, Cordero MD, Bompadre S, Mezzetti B, Battino M. One-month strawberry-rich anthocyanin supplementation ameliorates cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress markers and platelet activation in humans. J. Nutr. Biochem. 25: 289-294 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.002
  4. Arendt BM, Ellinger S, Kekic K, Geus L, Fimmers R, Spengler U, Muller WU, Goerlich R. Single and repeated moderate consumption of native or dealcoholized red wine show different effects on antioxidant parameters in blood and DNA strand breaks in peripheral leukocytes in healthy volunteers: a randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN68505294). Nutr. J. 4: 33 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-4-33
  5. Bartoli E, Fra GP, Schianca GPC. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) revisited. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 22: 8-12 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2010.07.008
  6. Blaak EE, Hul G, Verdich C, Stich V, Martinez A, Petersen M, Feskens EFM, Patel K, Oppert JM, Barbe P, Toubro S, Anderson I, Polak J, Astrup A, Macdonald IA, Langin D, Holst C, Sorensen TI, Saris WHM. Fat oxidation before and after a high fat load in the obese insulin-resistant state. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: 1462-1469 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1598
  7. Bocanegra A, Bastida S, Benedi J, Rodenas S, Sanchez-Muniz FJ. Characteristics and nutritional and cardiovascular-health properties of seaweeds. J. Med. Food. 12: 236-258 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0151
  8. Bogani P, Galli C, Villa M, Visioli F. Postprandial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil. Atherosclerosis 190: 181-186 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.011
  9. Ceriello A, Quagliaro L, Piconi L, Assaloni R, Da Ros R, Maier A, Esposito K, Giugliano D. Effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on circulating adhesion molecules and oxidative stress generation and the possible role of simvastatin treatment. Diabetes. 53: 701-710 (2004) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.3.701
  10. Dekker MJ, Wright AJ, Mazurak VC, Graham TE, Marangoni AG, Robinson LE. New oral fat tolerance tests feature tailoring of the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio to elicit a specific postprandial response. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32: 1073-1081 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1139/H07-101
  11. Devaraj S, Wang-Polagruto J, Polagruto J, Keen CL, Jialal I. High-fat, energy-dense, fast-food-style breakfast results in an increase in oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 57(6): 867-870 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2008.02.016
  12. Esposito K, Nappo F, Giugliano F, Di PC, Ciotola M, Barbieri M, Paolisso G, Giugliano D. Meal modulation of circulating interleukin 18 and adiponectin concentrations in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78(6): 1135-1140 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1135
  13. Faeh D, Minehira K, Schwarz JM, Periasamy R, Park S, Tappy L. Effect of fructose overfeeding and fish oil administration on hepatic de novo lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Diabetes. 54: 1907-1913 (2005) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.7.1907
  14. Ghanim H, Abuaysheh S, Sia CL, Korzeniewski K, Chaudhuri A, Fernandez-Real JM, Dandona P. Increase in plasma endotoxin concentrations and the expression of toll-like receptors and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in mononuclear cells after a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal. Diabetes Care. 32(12): 2281-2287 (2009) https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0979
  15. Greene CM, Zern TL, Wood RJ, Shrestha S, Aggarwal D, Sharman MJ, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Maintenance of the LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio in an elderly population given a dietary cholesterol challenge. J. Nutr. 135: 2793-2798 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.12.2793
  16. Guarnieri S, Riso P, Porrini M. Orange juice vs vitamin C: effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells. Br. J. Nutr. 97: 639-643 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507657948
  17. Harte AL, Varma MC, Tripathi G, Mcgee KC, Al-Daghri NM, AlAttas OS, Sabico S, O'Hare JP, Ceriello A, Saravanan P, Kumar S, Mcternan PG. High fat intake leads to acute postprandial exposure to circulating endotoxin in type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 35: 375-382 (2012) https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1593
  18. Hegsted DM. Serum-cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol: a reevaluation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44: 299-305 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/44.2.299
  19. Hopkins PN. Effects of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol: a metaanalysis and review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55: 1060-1070 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/55.6.1060
  20. Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green L, Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Leonard B, Lorig K, Loureiro MI, Meer JWM, Schnabel P, Smith R, Weel C, Smid H. How should we define health?. BMJ 343: d4163 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4163
  21. Jackson KG, Armah CK, Minihane AM. Meal fatty acids and postprandial vascular reactivity. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 35(3): 451-453 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0350451
  22. Jespersen L, Tarnow I, Eskesen D, Morberg CM, Michelsen B, Bugel S, Dragsted LO, Rijkers GT, Calder PC. Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 101(6): 1188-1196 (2015) https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.103531
  23. Johnston RD, Stephenson MC, Crossland H, Cordon SM, Palcidi E, Cox EF, Taylor MA, Aithal GP, Macdonald IA. No difference between high-fructose and high-glucose diets on liver triacylglycerol or biochemistry in healthy overweight men. Gastroenterology. 145: 1016-1025.e2 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.07.012
  24. Kamiyama M, Kishimoto Y, Tani M, Andoh K, Utsunomiya K, Kondo K. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by Nagano purple grape (Vitis viniferax Vitis labrusca). J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 55: 471- 478 (2009) https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.55.471
  25. Kim JY, Lee YK, Kang YJ, Lee KJ, Seo IW, Park KS, Jang GH, Kim SJ, Yoo JH, Yoo SY, Lee HY, Hong JH, Kim MC. Biomarkers and study design to measure immunomodulation in health/functional food. Food Industry and Nutrition. 13(2): 34-40 (2008)
  26. Kim JY, Park J, Kwon O. Development of a Database for Government-Funded Health/Functional Food Research. J. Med. Food. 12(6): 1185-1189 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.1036
  27. Kim JY, Kwon HY, Kim KS, Kim MK, Kwon O. Postprandial Glucose and $NF-{\kappa}B$ Responses Are Regulated Differently by Monounsaturated Fatty Acid and Dietary Fiber in Impaired Fasting Glucose Subjects. J. Med. Food. 16(12): 1168-1171 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.2781
  28. Kim JY, Ok HM, Kim J, Park SW, Kwon SW, Kwon O. Mulberry Leaf Extract Improves Postprandial Glucose Response in Prediabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J. Med. Food. 18(3): 306-313 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2014.3160
  29. Kim S, Kim J, Lim Y, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Kwon O. A dietary cholesterol challenge study to assess Chlorella supplementation in maintaining healthy lipid levels in adults: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Nutr. J. 15: 54 (2016)
  30. Kim YJ, Huh I, Kim JY, Park S, Ryu SH, Kim KB, Kim S, Park T, Kwon O. Integration of Traditional and Metabolomics Biomarkers Identifies Prognostic Metabolites for Predicting Responsiveness to Nutritional Intervention against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients. 9: 233 (2017) https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030233
  31. Le KA, Ith M, Kreis R, Faeh D, Bortolotti M, Tran C, Boesch C, Tappy L. Fructose overconsumption causes dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition in healthy subjects with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89: 1760-1765 (2009) https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.27336
  32. Lecoultre V, Egli L, Carrel G, Theytaz F, Kreis R, Schneiter P, Boss A, Zwygart K, Le KA, Bortolotti M, Boesch C, Tappy L. Effects of fructose and glucose overfeeding on hepatic insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic lipids in healthy humans. Obesity. 21: 782-785 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20377
  33. Lecoultre V, Carrel G, Egli L, Binnert C, Boss A, MacMillan EL, Kreis R, Boesch C, Darimont C, Tappy L. Coffee consumption attenuates short-term fructose-induced liver insulin resistance in healthy men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 99: 268-275 (2014) https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.069526
  34. Lim Y, Lee KW, Kim JY, Kwon O. A beverage of Asiatic plantain extracts alleviated postprandial oxidative stress in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects challenged with a high-fat meal: a preliminary study. Nutr. Res. 33: 704-710 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.003
  35. Lopez-Miranda J, Williams C, Lairon D. Dietary, physiological, genetic and pathological influences on postprandial lipid metabolism. Br. J. Nutr. 98(3): 458-473 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711450774268X
  36. Lu TM, Chiu HF, Shen YC, Chung CC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Hypocholesterolemic efficacy of quercetin rich onion juice in healthy mild hypercholesterolemic adults: a pilot study. Plant. Foods. Hum. Nutr. 70: 395-400 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-015-0507-4
  37. Lundman P, Boquist S, Samnegard A, Bennermo M, Held C, Ericsson CG, Silveira A, Hamsten A, Tornvall P. A high-fat meal is accompanied by increased plasma interleukin-6 concentrations. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 17(3): 195-202 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2005.11.009
  38. Margioris AN. Fatty acids and postprandial inflammation. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. 12(2): 129-137 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283232a11
  39. MFDS. Health Functional Food Act. Korea: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2018)
  40. Musso G, Gambino R, Pacini G, De Michieli F, Cassader M. Prolonged saturated fat-induced, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide elevation is associated with adipokine imbalance and liver injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: dysregulated enteroadipocyte axis as a novel feature of fatty liver. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89: 558-567 (2009) https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26720
  41. Nagashima H, Endo M. Pitavastatin prevents postprandial endothelial dysfunction via reduction of the serum triglyceride level in obese male subjects. Heart Vessels. 26: 428-434 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-010-0071-7
  42. Nappo F, Esposito K, Cioffi M, Giugliano G, Molinari AM, Paolisso G, Marfella R, Giugliano D. Postprandial endothelial activation in healthy subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients: Role of fat and carbohydrate meals. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 39(7): 1145-1150 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01741-2
  43. Neumann A. Uber ultramikroskopische Blutuntersuchungen zur Zeit der Fettresorption bei Gesunden und Kranken. Wien. Clin. Wschr. 20: 851 (1907)
  44. Ommen B, Keijer J, Heil SG, Kaput J. Challenging homeostasis to define biomarkers for nutrition related health. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 53: 795-804 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200800390
  45. Ouwehand AC, Bruggencate SJM, Schonewille AJ, Alhoniemi E, Forssten S D, Bovee-Oudenhoven IMJ. Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation in human subjects and their resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Br. J. Nutr. 111: 465-473 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513002547
  46. Sies H, Stahl W, Sevanian A. Nutritional, dietary and postprandial oxidative stress. J. Nutr. 135: 969-972 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.5.969
  47. Stroeve JHM, Wietmarschen H, Kremer BHA, Ommen B, Wopereis S. Phenotypic flexibility as a measure of health: the optimal nutritional stress response test. Genes Nutr. 10: 13 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-015-0459-1
  48. Tsai WC, Li YH, Lin CC, Chao TH, Chen JH. Effects of oxidative stress on endothelial function after a high-fat meal. Clinical Science. 106(3): 315-319 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20030227
  49. World Health Organization (WHO). Constitution of the World Health Organization. (2006)
  50. Wu C, Yu Z. Effects on blood glucose, insulin, lipid and proatherosclerotic parameters in stable type 2 diabetic subjects during an oral fat challenge. Lipids Health Dis. 3: 17 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-3-17
  51. Zivkovic AM, German JB, Sanyal AJ. Comparative review of diets for the metabolic syndrome: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86: 285-300 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.285