감성과학 (Science of Emotion and Sensibility)

  • 제21권1호
  • /
  • Pages.129-142
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 1226-8593(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2383-613X(eISSN)
한국감성과학회 (Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

청소년 수면의 질은 또래 친밀감을 높이는가?

Does a Good Night's Sleep Increase Peer Intimacy Among Adolescents?

  • 신지은 (서울대학교 자유전공학부) ;
  • 김정기 (포항공과대학교 인문사회학부)
  • Shin, Ji-eun (College of Liberal Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Jung Ki (Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, POSTECH)
  • 투고 : 2018.02.05
  • 심사 : 2018.03.05
  • 발행 : 2018.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

수면은 인생의 약 삼분의 일을 차지하는 중요한 활동이다. 그동안 많은 연구들을 통해 수면이 개인의 인지 및 정서에 차지하는 중요성이 밝혀졌지만, 수면이 타인과의 관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해서는 상대적으로 알려진 바가 적다. 본 연구는 수면이 청소년의 또래 친밀감에 기여할 가능성을 검토하였다. 또한 수면이 기억 응고화에 핵심적이라는 선행 연구들을 토대로 수면의 이러한 관계적 효용이 긍정적인 사회적 기억에 의해 설명될 것이라고 가정하였다. 연구 결과, 예상대로 중학생 수면의 질은 이들이 또래 관계에서 느끼는 친밀감을 예측하였으며, 이는 부분적으로 사회적 일화를 긍정적으로 기억하는 데 기인하였다(연구 1). 이러한 현상은 고등학생에게서도 동일하게 나타났다. 수면의 질이 높은 고등학생일수록 또래와 친밀한 관계를 맺는 경향이 있었으며, 이는 사회적 일화 기억의 긍정성 수준에 의해 부분적으로 설명되었다(연구 2). 인과성을 알아보기 위해 연구 2에서 일주일 간격을 두고 기억 과제를 반복 실시한 결과, 잠을 잘 잔 학생들은 그렇지 않은 학생들에 비해 자신의 사회적 일화를 더 긍정적으로 기억하는 모습을 보였다. 반면, 수면의 질은 비사회적 기억의 긍정성 변화와는 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 수면의 대인적 기능 및 중요성에 대해 논의하였다.

We spend about one-third of our life sleeping. Although the influence of sleep on various cognitive and affective functioning is recognized, relatively less is known about its consequences on interpersonal relationships. The present study examines whether sleep contributes to adolescent's peer intimacy; specifically, given the role of sleep in memory consolidation, it was assumed that a good sleep will enhance social relationships by positively refurbishing memories of social episodes. As predicted, young teenagers' sleep quality predicted increased peer intimacy, partly through the positive memory of social events, in a sample of middle school (Study 1) as well as high school participants (Study 2). To investigate the causal link, in Study 2, memory recollections were repeatedly measured for a week. Sleep quality during the week predicted how social, but not non-social episodes were positively remembered. The function and importance of sleep quality are discussed in the context of interpersonal relationships.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Addis, D. R., Pan, L., Vu, M. A., Laiser, N., & Schacter, D. L. (2009). Constructive episodic simulation of the future and the past: Distinct subsystems of a core brain network mediate imagining and remembering. Neuropsychologia, 47(11), 2222-2238. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.026
  2. Alea, N., & Bluck, S. (2003). Why are you telling me that? A conceptual model of the social function of autobiographical memory. Memory, 11(2), 165-178. Doi: 10.1080/741938207
  3. Alea, N., & Bluck, S. (2007). I'll keep you in mind: The intimacy function of autobiographical memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21(8), 1091-1111. Doi: 10.1002/acp.1316
  4. Algoe, S. B., Haidt, J., & Gable, S. L. (2008). Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion, 8(3), 425-429. Doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.425
  5. Armitage, R., Trivedi, M., Hoffmann, R., & Rush, A. J. (1997). Relationship between objective and subjective sleep measures in depressed patients and healthy controls. Depression and Anxiety, 5(2), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)5:2<97::AID-DA6>3.0.CO;2-2
  6. Bagwell, C. L., Newcomb, A. F., & Bukowski, W. M. (1998). Preadolescent friendship and peer rejection as predictors of adult adjustment. Child Development, 69(1), 140-153. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06139.x
  7. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529. Doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
  8. Bazzini, D. G., Stack, E. R., Martincin, P. D., & Davis, C. P. (2007). The effect of reminiscing about laughter on relationship satisfaction. Motivation and Emotion, 31(1), 25-34. Doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9045-6
  9. Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school. Child Development, 66(5), 1312-1329. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00937.x
  10. Biondolillo, M. J., & Pillemer, D. B. (2015). Using memories to motivate future behaviour: An experimental exercise intervention. Memory, 23(3), 390-402. Doi: 10.1080/09658211.2014.889709
  11. Bluck, S. (2003). Autobiographical memory: Exploring its functions in everyday life. Memory, 11(2), 113-123. Doi: 10.1080/741938206
  12. Bukowski, W. M., Buhrmester, D., & Underwood, M. K. (2011). Peer relations as a developmental context. In M. K. Underwood & Lisa H. Rosen (Eds.) Social development: Relationships in infancy, childhood, and adolescence (pp. 153-179). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  13. Burk, W., & Laursen, B. (2005). Adolescent perceptions of friendship and their associations with individual adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(2), 156-164. Doi: 10.1080/01650250444000342
  14. Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. Doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
  15. Carter, T. J., & Gilovich, T. (2012). I am what I do, not what I have: The differential centrality of experiential and material purchases to the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1304-1317. Doi: 10.1037/a0027407
  16. Chambers, A. M. (2017). The role of sleep in cognitive processing: Focusing on memory consolidation. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 8(3), 1-14. Doi: 10.1002/wcs.1433
  17. Conway, M. A., Singer, J. A., & Tagini, A. (2004). The self and autobiographical memory: Correspondence and coherence. Social Cognition, 22(5), 491-529. Doi: 10.1521/soco.22.5.491.50768
  18. DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 197-229. Doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.197
  19. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. Doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  20. Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Pavot, W. (1991). Happiness is the frequency, not the intensity, of positive versus negative affect. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 119-139). New York: Pergamon.
  21. Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13(1), 80-83. Doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00415
  22. Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (2000). Measuring subjective well-being to compare the quality of life of cultures. In Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (Eds.). Culture and subjective well-being (pp. 3-12). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  23. Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Kim-Prieto, C., Biswas-Diener, R., & Tay, L. S. (2010) Unhappiness in South Korea: why it is high and what might be done about it. Talk presented at Annual Meetings of Korean Psychological Association, Seoul, Korea.
  24. Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi. D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2009). New measures of well-being: Flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143-156. Doi: 10.1007/s11205-015-1112-5
  25. Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2014). Prosocial spending and happiness: Using money to benefit others pays off. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 41-47. Doi: 10.1177/0963721413512503
  26. Epley, N., & Schroeder, J. (2014). Mistakenly seeking solitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(5), 1980-1999. Doi: 10.1037/a0037323
  27. Gable, S. L., Gonzaga, G. C., & Strachman, A. (2006). Will you be there for me when things go right? Supportive responses to positive event disclosures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), 904-917. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.904
  28. Gordon, A. M., Mendes, W. B., & Prather, A. A. (2017). The social side of sleep: Elucidating the links between sleep and social processes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(5), 470-475. Doi: 10.1177/0963721417712269
  29. Gordon, A. M., & Chen, S. (2014). The role of sleep in interpersonal conflict: Do sleepless nights mean worse fights? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(2), 168-175. Doi: 10.1177/1948550613488952
  30. Holder, M. D., & Coleman, B. (2009). The contribution of social relationships to children's happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(3), 329-349. Doi: 10.1007/s10902-007-9083-0
  31. Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A metaanalytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227-237. Doi: 10.1177/1745691614568352
  32. Johnson, H. D. (2004). Gender, grade, and relationship differences in emotional closeness within adolescent friendships. Adolescence, 39(154), 243-255.
  33. Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science, 306(5702), 1776-1780. Doi: 10.1126/science.1103572
  34. Killgore, W. D. S. (2010). Effects of sleep deprivation on cognition. Progress in Brain Research, 185, 105-129. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00007-5
  35. Kim, J. K., & Cho, K. (2010). Sleep quality as a mediator variable between circadian typology and depression level. Korean Journal of Psychology: General. 29(2), 355-370.
  36. Kumar, A., & Gilovich, T. (2015). Some "thing" to talk about? Differential story utility from experiential and material purchases. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(10), 1320-1331. Doi: 10.1177/0146167215594591
  37. Kuwabara, K. J., & Pillemer, D. B. (2010). Memories of past episodes shape current intentions and decisions. Memory, 18(4), 365-374. Doi: 10.1080/09658211003670857
  38. Leger, D., Beck, F., Richard, J. B., & Godeau, E. (2012). Total sleep time severely drops during adolescence. PloS One, 7, e45204. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045204
  39. Lim, J., & Dinges, D. F. (2010). A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 375-389. Doi: 10.1037/a0018883
  40. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855. Doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
  41. Maranges, H. M., & McNulty, J. K. (2017). The rested relationship: Sleep benefits marital evaluations. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(1), 117-122. Doi: 10.1037/fam0000225
  42. McAdams, D. P., & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233-238. Doi: 10.1177/0963721413475622
  43. McCullough, G., Huebner, E. S., & Laughlin, J. E. (2000). Life events, self-concept, and adolescents' positive subjective well-being. Psychology in the Schools, 37(3), 281-290. Doi: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6807(200005)37:3<281::aid-pits8>3.3.co;2-u
  44. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x
  45. Payne, J. D., & Nadel, L. (2004). Sleep, dreams, and memory consolidation: The role of the stress hormone cortisol. Learning and Memory, 11(6), 671-678. Ddoi: 10.1101/lm.77104
  46. Pezdek, K., & Salim, R. (2011). Physiological, psychological and behavioral consequences of activating autobiographical memories. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(6), 1214-1218. Doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.004
  47. Philippe, F. L., Koestner, R., & Lekes, N. (2013). On the directive function of episodic memories in people's lives: A look at romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 164-179. Doi: 10.1037/a0030384
  48. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. Doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  49. Prebble, S. C., Addis, D. R., & Tippett, L. J. (2013). Autobiographical memory and sense of self. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 815-840. Doi: 10.1037/a0030146
  50. Proctor, C., Linley, P. A., & Maltby, J. (2010). Very happy youths: Benefits of very high life satisfaction among adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 98(3), 519-532. Doi: 10.1007/s11205-009-9562-2
  51. Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013). About sleep's role in memory. Physiological Reviews, 93(2), 681-766. Doi: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2012
  52. Reis, H. T., Lemay, E. P., & Finkenauer, C. (2017). Toward understanding understanding: The importance of feeling understood in relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(3), e12308. Doi: 10.1111/spc3.12308
  53. Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Laursen, B. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  54. Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007). Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(9), 657-661. Doi: 10.1038/nrn2213
  55. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1993). On the power of positive thinking: The benefits of being optimistic. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(1), 26-30. Doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770572
  56. Seidlitz, L., & Diener, E. (1993). Memory for positive versus negative life events: Theories for the differences between happy and unhappy persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 654-664. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.654
  57. Shin M., & Koo, J. (2010). The relationship between happiness and creativity: Happy persons are more creative. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology: General. 24(3), 37-51.
  58. Shin, J., Choi, H. W., Suh, E. M., & Koo, J. (2013). Do happy teenagers become good citizens? Positive affect builds prosocial perspectives and behaviors. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology. 27(3), 1-21.
  59. Shin, J., Kim, J. K., & Lim, N. (2017). Sleep quality and happiness among young adults: The role of positive memory bias. Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issues. 23(2), 271-293. Doi: 10.20406/kjcs.2017.05.23.2.271
  60. Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., & Roberts, R. E. (2004). Impact of spouses' sleep problems on partners. Sleep, 27(3), 527-531. Doi: 10.1093/sleep/27.3.527
  61. Suh, E., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1996). Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1091-1102. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.1091
  62. Van de Velde, S., Bracke, P., & Levecque, K. (2010). Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression. Social Science and Medicine, 71(2), 305-313. Doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.035
  63. Van der Helm, E., Gujar, N., & Walker, M. P. (2010). Sleep deprivation impairs the accurate recognition of human emotions. Sleep, 33(3), 335-342. Doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.3.335
  64. Walker, M. P., & van Der Helm, E. (2009). Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 731-748. Doi: 10.1037/a0016570
  65. Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002). Practice with sleep makes perfect: Sleep-dependent motor skill learning. Neuron, 35(1), 205-211. Doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00746-8
  66. Yoo, S. S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). The human emotional brain without sleep: A prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology, 17(20), R877-R878. Doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.007
  67. Zhang, B., & Wing, Y. K. (2006). Sex differences in insomnia: A meta-analysis. Sleep, 29(1), 85-93. Doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.1.85