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A Study on Monolithic Expression Characteristics of Concrete Buildings With focus on insulated lightweight aggregate concrete

콘크리트 건축물의 모놀리스적 표현특성에 관한 연구 단열경량골재콘크리트를 중심으로

  • 원경섭 (강원대학교 공과대학 건축학과)
  • Received : 2018.09.13
  • Accepted : 2018.12.07
  • Published : 2018.12.31

Abstract

In today's diversified society, it is hard to know which building style represents the architectural style of the time. The simplicity found in monolithic-style buildings forms a symmetrical point with fairly complex structure, and its value can be acknowledged. This study analyzes buildings made of insulating lightweight aggregate concrete in the early 21st century, defines the concept of monolithic expression, and examines how these characteristics are expressed in the space, forms, and structural methods in construction. Unlike a multi-layered exterior wall system, which features multiple layers composed of a variety of materials, the exterior walls built with insulating lightweight aggregate concrete comes in a lump form with a mold form that is tightly filled with concrete as a single material and is monolithic. This is attributed to the creation of spaces characterized by the homogeneity of inner and outer spaces with the use of the same material, continuity of the surface as solidity, spatial characteristics of the stereotomic construction, expression of materiality with the use of exposed concrete, and the contrast of the lump and the space. This not only reveals formal characteristics that expose a discourse about monolithic architecture in contemporary architecture but also provide an opportunity to extend the range of discussion to structures and materials and even to their effects on space.

오늘날 다변화된 사회에서 어떤 스타일의 건물이 동시대를 대표하는 건축적 양식인지 알기 어렵다. 그 중에서 모놀리스적 스타일의 건물에서 드러나는 단순함은 현대의 지극히 복잡한 사회구조와 대칭점을 이루며 그 가치를 인정받을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 21세기 초반 단열경량골재콘크리트가 사용된 건물의 분석을 통해서 모놀리스적 표현에 대한 개념정의와 그 특징들이 공간 및 형태 그리고 건축구법에서 어떻게 표현되고 있는지에 대해 연구하였다. 여러 재료가 층을 이루어 구성되는 다층적 방식의 외벽시스템과는 달리, 단열경량골재콘크리트에 의한 외벽은 단일재료로서 콘크리트를 사용하여 거푸집을 빈틈없이 채워서 만들어진 덩어리 형태이며 그 자체로 모놀리스적이다. 이러한 점은 동일한 재료에 의한 내외부공간의 동질성, 고형(固形)으로서 표면의 연속성, 스테레오토믹적(stereotomic) 구축방식의 공간적 특성, 노출콘크리트사용에 의한 물질성의 표현, 덩어리와 공간 사이의 대비적 특성을 가진 공간을 만들어 낸다. 그리고 현대건축의 다층적 외벽 방식의 모놀리스적 건축에 대한 담론을 외부로 드러나는 형상적 특징과 더불어 구조와 재료, 그리고 그것이 공간에 끼치는 영향에 까지 논의의 범위를 넓힐 수 있는 기회를 제공한다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. House, R. Whiteread

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Fig. 2. BUNKER

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Fig. 3. T-House 1986, S. Ungers

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Fig. 4. Wrapped Reichstag 1995, Christo and Jeane-Claude

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Fig. 5. Kunsthaus in Graz 2003, Peter Cook

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Fig. 6. Section Pantheon

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Fig. 7. Coignet House 1853, Francois Coignet

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Fig. 8. Museum in Univercity Stanford, Ernest L. Ransome, 1891

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Fig. 9. Warehouse in Zurich 1910, Robert Maillart

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Fig. 10. Goetheaneum 1928, Rudolf Steiners

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Fig. 11. Katholische Kirche in Hérménce 19 67-71 - W. Förderer

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Fig. 12. Thalmatt 1 1967-75 - Atilier 5

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Fig. 13. Layout of fair-faced concrete building with walls of insulating concrete and roof of lightweight concrete.

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Fig. 14. Cenotaph for Newton 1784 - Boullée

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Fig. 15. stone huts, Ticino

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Fig. 16. Kasbah, Morocco

Table 1. a: Museum for Modern Art in Vienna,Ortner und Ortner / b: House in Chur, Patrick Gartmann

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Table 2. Insulation performance and costs comparison based on wall composition, a: Two-shell exposed concrete façade, b: exposed concrete façade with inner KS shell c: insulating concrete façade[7]

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Table 3. Analysis of the monolithic properties of the insulated lightweight aggregate concrete building that was introduced in early 21st century in terms of construction methods and figurative aspects.

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