Journal of Korean Dental Science

Korean Academy of Dental Science (대한치의학회)
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Corrosion Behaviors of Dental Implant Alloy after Micro-sized Surface Modification in Electrolytes Containing Mn Ion

  • Kang, Jung-In (Department of Dental Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Son, Mee-Kyoung (Department of Dental Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Choe, Han-Cheol (Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Chosun University)
  • Received : 2018.06.27
  • Accepted : 2018.12.21
  • Published : 2018.12.30
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion behaviors of dental implant alloy after microsized surface modification in electrolytes containing Mn ion. Materials and Methods: $Mn-TiO_2$ coatings were prepared on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy for dental implants using a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method carried out in electrolytes containing different concentrations of Mn, namely, 0%, 5%, and 20%. Potentiodynamic method was employed to examine the corrosion behaviors, and the alternatingcurrent (AC) impedance behaviors were examined in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5^{\circ}C{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ using a potentiostat and an electrochemical impedance spectroscope. The potentiodynamic test was performed with a scanning rate of $1.667mV\;s^{-1}$ from -1,500 to 2,000 mV. A frequency range of $10^{-1}$ to $10^5Hz$ was used for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The amplitude of the AC signal was 10 mV, and 5 points per decade were used. The morphology and structure of the samples were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and thin-film X-ray diffraction. The elemental analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Result: The PEO-treated surface exhibited an irregular pore shape, and the pore size and number of the pores increased with an increase in the Mn concentration. For the PEO-treated surface, a higher corrosion current density ($I_{corr}$) and a lower corrosion potential ($E_{corr}$) was obtained as compared to that of the bulk surface. However, the current density in the passive regions ($I_{pass}$) was found to be more stable for the PEO-treated surface than that of the bulk surface. As the Mn concentration increased, the capacitance values of the outer porous layer and the barrier layer decreased, and the polarization resistance of the barrier layers increased. In the case of the Mn/Ca-P coatings, the corroded surface was found to be covered with corrosion products. Conclusion: It is confirmed that corrosion resistance and polarization resistance of PEO-treated alloy increased as Mn content increased, and PEO-treated surface showed lower current density in the passive region.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images of the plasma electrolytic oxidation films formed on Ti-6Al- 4V alloy at 280 V in various electrolytes of (A) 0Mn (1k), (B) 0Mn (10k), (C) 5Mn (1k), (D) 5Mn (10k), (E) 20Mn (1k), and (F) 20Mn (10k).

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Fig. 2. X-ray diffractometer patterns of plasma electrolytic oxidation films formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy: (a) bulk, (b) 0Mn, (c) 5Mn, and (d) 20Mn.

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Fig. 3. The variation in Ca/P ratio of the plasma electrolytic oxidation flms formed on Ti­-6Al-­4V alloy.

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Fig. 4. Anodic polarization curves of the plasma electrolytic oxidation films formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy after performing the potentiodynamic test in 0.9% NaCl solution at 36.5°C±1.0°C.

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Fig. 5. EIS data for the plasma electrolytic oxidation films formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy after performing the alternating-current (AC) impedance test in 0.9% NaCl solution at 36.5°C±1.0°C. (A) Bode phase plot. (B) Bode-frequency plot. msd: measured, cal: calculated.

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Fig. 6. Equivalent circuit for the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) film formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. (A) Bulk. (B) PEO treated on Ti-6Al-4V alloys.

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Fig. 7. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images of the plasma electrolytic oxidation film formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy after performing the electrochemical test in 0.9% NaCl solution at 36.5°C±1.0°C: (A) bulk (5k), (B) bulk (10k), (C) 0Mn (5k), (D) 0Mn (10k), (E) 5Mn (5k), (F) 5Mn (10k), (G) 20Mn (5k), and (H) 20Mn (10k).

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Fig. 8. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results obtained for the plasma electrolytic oxidation film formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy after performing the electrochemical test in 0.9% NaCl solution at 36.5°C±1.0°C: (A) 5Mn and (B) 20Mn.

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Fig. 9. Mapping analysis results for the plasma electrolytic oxidation film formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy: (A) 5Mn, (B) Ca, (C) P, (D) Mn, (E) 20Mn, (F) Ca, (G) P, and (H) Mn.

Table 1. The electrolyte conditions used for the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment of Ti­-6Al-­4V alloy

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Table 2. The number of pores and pore size obtained from plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) films formed on Ti­-6Al­-4V alloy

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Table 3. Energy­dispersive X­ray spectroscopy analysis results for the plasma electrolytic oxidation flms formed on Ti­-6Al­-4V alloy

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Table 4. Electrochemical data obtained from potentiodynamic polarization curves

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Table 5. Electrochemical parameters for the plasma electrolytic oxidation flms formed on Ti­-6Al­-4V alloy from EIS curves

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