The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea (암석학회지)

The Petrological Society of Korea (한국암석학회)
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Material Characteristics and Nondestructive Deterioration Assessment for the Celestial Chart Stone, Korea

천상열차분야지도 각석의 재질특성과 비파괴 훼손도 평가

  • Yoo, Ji Hyun (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Myeong Seong (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Choie, Myoungju (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Ahn, Yu Bin (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Yuri (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 유지현 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 이명성 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 최명주 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 안유빈 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 김유리 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실)
  • Received : 2018.11.14
  • Accepted : 2018.11.29
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Celestial Chart Stones (original and reproduction) in the National Palace Museum are representative scientific cultural heritage of Korea. Material analysis and nondestructive deterioration assessment were conducted for long-term preservation of these stones. Material analysis revealed that the original was composed of slate and the reproduction was made of dolostone. The original consists of quartz, mica, dolomite minerals, while the reproduction was made up of dolomite, calcite and forsterite. Major deterioration factors of the original stone were cracks and breakouts. In case of the reproduction, scratches and artificial materials were mainly observed. The green and black surface contaminants present at the sides and back of the two celestial chart stones were interpreted as resin-based paint materials. The physical property evaluation using ultrasonic velocity showed a low velocity in the upper left side of the original, while the front right side of the reproduction showed a weak property. Meanwhile, the To-Tc method using ultrasonic velocity was applied to major cracks that impede stability of the original. As a result, it has been calculated that the beginning and the center of the crack are the deepest.

국립고궁박물관 소장 천상열차분야지도 각석 및 복각천상열차분야지도 각석은 우리나라의 전통 천문학 수준을 실증하는 대표적인 과학문화유산이다. 태조본 각석은 암갈색 점판암, 숙종본 각석은 회백색 백운암으로 서로 다른 암석으로 제작되었다. 태조본 점판암은 석영, 백운모, 백운석의 광물조성을 보였으며, 숙종본 백운암은 백운석, 고토감람석, 방해석으로 구성되어 있다. 태조본 각석은 숙종본에 비해 손상이 심화되어 있으며 주요한 손상인자는 균열 및 탈락이다. 숙종본에서는 긁힘과 인위적인 오염물이 관찰되었다. 태조본 및 숙종본 각석 측면과 후면에 나타나는 녹색 및 흑색 표면오염물은 수지 기반의 페인트 물질로 해석된다. 한편, 초음파 물성평가에서 태조본 각석은 좌측면 상부가, 숙종본 각석은 전면 우측부가 저속도대를 보인다. 태조본각석의 안정성을 저해하는 주요 균열에 대해 To-Tc법으로 발달 상태를 조사한 결과, 균열의 전개부 및 중심부에서 가장 깊은 심도가 측정되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Historical records. (A) Keijō fushi (Keijō-fu, 1934), (B) Rubbing of the Original during the Japanese Colonial Period (National Museum of Korea, 2018), (C) Original in Changdeokgung storage (Jeon and Park, 1985), (D) Reproduction in King Sejong the Great Memorial Hall (Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, 2018).

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Fig. 2. Recent state and schematic maps of the Celestial Chart Stones. (A, E) Front side of the Original, (B, F) Back side of the Original, (C, G) Front side of the Reproduction, (D) Back side of the Reproduction, (H) Whole view of the Celestial Chart Stones in the National Palace Museum of Korea. (E~G) are schematic maps from Nha (1996).

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Fig. 3. Petrography of the Celestial Chart Stones. (A, B) Original made of slate, (C, D) Photomicrograph of slate from the Original, (E, F) Reproduction made of dolostone, (G, H) Photomicrograph of dolostone from the Reproduction, (I, J) X-ray diffraction patterns of the Original and the Reproduction.

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Fig. 4. Histogram of magnetic susceptibility. (A) Original, (B) Reproduction.

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Fig. 5. Deterioration map of the Celestial Chart Stones. (A) Original, (B) Reproduction.

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Fig. 6. Deterioration rate of the Celestial Chart Stones (A; Original, B: Reproduction), crack and scratch lengths of the Celestial Chart Stones (C: Original, D: Reproduction).

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Fig. 7. Measurement point of ED-XRF in the Celestial Chart Stones. Figure numbers are shown in Table 1.

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Fig. 8. Contents of each element from measurement point. Figure numbers are shown in Table 1.

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Fig. 9. Contaminants under the digital microscope. Figure numbers are shown in Table 1.

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Fig. 10. Ultrasonic velocity(m/s) of the Celestial Chart Stones. (A) Original, (B) Reproduction, (C) Box plots of ultrasonic velocity from the Original, (D) Box plots of ultrasonic velocity from the Reproduction.

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Fig. 11. Crack depth map using To-Tc method for the Celestial Chart Stone (Original).

Table 1. ED-XRF measurement result of contaminants from the Celestial Chart Stone.

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