Tribology and Lubricants

  • 제34권6호
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  • Pages.270-278
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  • 2018
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  • 2713-8011(pISSN)
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  • 2713-802X(eISSN)
한국트라이볼로지학회 (Korean Tribology Society)
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SLM 방식으로 출력된 STS 316L의 기계적 및 마찰·마모 특성에 미치는 UNSM처리 후 영향에 관한 연구

A Study on the Effect of UNSM Treatment on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of STS 316L Printed by Selective Laser Melting

  • Ro, J.S. (Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Sanseong, C.H. (Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Umarov, R. (Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Pyun, Y.S. (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Amanov, A. (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University)
  • 투고 : 2018.07.27
  • 심사 : 2018.11.10
  • 발행 : 2018.12.31
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초록

STS 316L prepared by additive manufacturing (AM) exhibits deterioration of mechanical properties and wear resistance due to the presence of defects such as black-of-fusion defects, internal porosity, residual stress, and anisotropy. In addition, high surface roughness (integrity) of AM products remains an issue. This study aimed to apply ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology to STS 316L prepared by AM to increase the surface hardness, to reduce the surface roughness, and to improve the friction and wear behavior to the level achieved by bulk material manufactured using traditional processes. Herein, the as-received and polished specimens were treated by UNSM technology and their resulting properties were compared and discussed. The results showed that UNSM technology increased the surface hardness and reduced the surface roughness of the as-received and polished specimens. These results can be attributed to grain size refinement and pore elimination from the surface. Moreover, the friction of the as-received and polished specimens after UNSM technology was lower compared to those of the as-received and polished specimens, but no significant differences in wear resistance were found.

키워드

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Fig. 1. Dimensions of test specimen in mm.

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Fig. 1. Dimensions of test specimen in mm.

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Fig. 2. Basic principle of SLM.

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Fig. 2. Basic principle of SLM.

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Fig. 3. Schematic view of a UNSM process.

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Fig. 3. Schematic view of a UNSM process.

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Fig. 4. Schematic view of a reciprocating wear tester.

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Fig. 4. Schematic view of a reciprocating wear tester.

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Fig. 5. Comparison in surface roughness and hardness before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 5. Comparison in surface roughness and hardness before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 6. Cross-sectional SEM morphologies of the untreated (a) and UNSM-treated (b) specimens.

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Fig. 6. Cross-sectional SEM morphologies of the untreated (a) and UNSM-treated (b) specimens.

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Fig. 7. SEM images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 7. SEM images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 8. EDX images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1 and c1) and UNSM-treated (b1 and d1) specimens.

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Fig. 8. EDX images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1 and c1) and UNSM-treated (b1 and d1) specimens.

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Fig. 9. Comparison in XRD patterns before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 9. Comparison in XRD patterns before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 10. Friction coefficient and wear track profiles of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens.

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Fig. 10. Friction coefficient and wear track profiles of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens.

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Fig. 11. SEM images showing wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 11. SEM images showing wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 12. EDX images of the wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1, a2, c1, c2) and UNSM-treated (b1, b2, d1, d2) specimens.

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Fig. 12. EDX images of the wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1, a2, c1, c2) and UNSM-treated (b1, b2, d1, d2) specimens.

Table 1. Physical properties of STS 316L powder

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Table 1. Physical properties of STS 316L powder

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Table 2. Chemical composition of STS 316L in wt. %

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Table 2. Chemical composition of STS 316L in wt. %

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Table 3. Mechanical properties of STS 316L

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Table 3. Mechanical properties of STS 316L

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Table 4. SLM process conditions

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Table 4. SLM process conditions

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Table 5. UNSM treatment parameters

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Table 5. UNSM treatment parameters

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Table 6. Tribo-test conditions

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Table 6. Tribo-test conditions

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Table 7. Surface measurement conditions

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Table 7. Surface measurement conditions

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참고문헌

  1. Miranda, G., Faria, S., Bartolomeu, F., Pinto, E., Mederia, S., Mateus, A., Carreira, P., Alves, N., Silva, F. S., Carvalho, O., "Predictive models for physical and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel produced by selective laser melting", Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.01.028, 2016.
  2. Bartolomeu, F., Faria, S., Carvalho, O., Pinto, E., Alves, N., Silva, F. S., Miranda, G., Silva, F. S., Carvalho, O., "Predictive models for physical and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting", Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.113, 2016.
  3. Ngo, T. D., Kashani, A., Imbalzano, G., Nguyen, K. T. Q., Uui, D., "Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges", Composites Part B, doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012, 2008.
  4. Sun, Z., Tan, X., Tor, S. B., Chua, C. K.,"Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting", NPG Asia Mater., Vol. 10, pp. 127-136, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-018-0018-5
  5. Frazier, W. E., "Metal additive manufacturing: A review", J. Mater. Eng. Perform., Vol. 23, pp. 1917-1928, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z
  6. Mumtaz, K. A., Erasenthiran, P., Hopkinson, N., "High density selective laser melting of Waspaloy$^{(R)}$", J. Mater. Process. Technol., doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.04.117, 2008.
  7. Martin, J. H., Yahata, B. D., Hundley, J. M., Mayer, J. A., Schaedler, T. A., Pollock, T. M., "3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys", Nature, Vol. 549, pp. 365-369, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23894
  8. Haase, C., Bultmann, J., Hof, J., Ziegler, S., Bremen, S., Hinke, C., Schwedt, A., Prahl, U., Bleck, W., "Exploiting process-related advantages of selective laser melting for the production of high-manganese steel", Materials, doi:10.3390/ma100100562, 2017.
  9. Bartolomeu, F., Buciumeanu, M., Pinto, E., Alves, N., Carvalho, O., Silva, F. S., Miranda, G., "316L stainless steel mechanical and tribological behavior - A comparison between selective laser melting, hot pressing and conventional casting", Addit. Manuf., doi:10.1016/j.addma.2017.05.007, 2017.
  10. Pyoun, Y. S., Park, J. Y., Cho, I. H., Kim, C. S., Suh, C. M., "A study on the ultrasonic nano crystal modification (UNSM) technology and it's application", Transactions of KSME A, doi:10.3795/KSME-A.2009.33.3.190, 2009.
  11. Zhu, Y., Zou, J., Chen, X., Yang, H., "Tribology of selective laser melting processed parts: Stainless steel 316L under lubricated conditions", Wear, doi:10.1016/j.wear.2016.01.004, 2016.
  12. Liu, J., Suslov, S., Li, S., Qin, H., Ren, Z. Ma, C. Wang, G. X., Doll, G. L., Cong, H., Dong, Y., Ye, C., "Effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification on the thermal oxidation behavior of Ti6Al4V", Surf. Coat. Technol., doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.04.051, 2017.
  13. Amanov, A., Karimbaev, R., Maleki, E., Unal, O., Pyun, Y. S., Amanov, T., "Effect of combined shot peening and ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification processes on the fatigue performance of AISI 304", Surf. Coat. Technol., doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.100, 2018.
  14. Amanov, A., Lee, S. W., Pyun, Y. S., "Low friction and high strength of 316L stainless steel tubing for biomedical applications", Mater. Sci. Eng.: C, doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.005, 2017.
  15. Amanov, A., Pyun, Y. S., Kim, J. H., Sasaki, S., "The usability and preliminary effectiveness of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification technique on surface properties of silicon carbide", Appl. Surf. Sci., doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.089, 2014.
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피인용 문헌

  1. 에너지 제어 용착을 이용한 스테인리스 316L의 적층 특성 및 기계적 물성 평가 vol.20, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2021.20.06.059