International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials

Korean Society of Sericultural Science (한국잠사학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of starvation on the larval development of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

  • Park, Kwanho (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Lee, Heui-Sam (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Goo, Tae-won (Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Dongguk University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2018.11.26
  • Accepted : 2018.12.13
  • Published : 2018.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The rearing of black soldier flies in Korea is affected by seasonal factors such as temperature and sun light; for this reason, it requires a great deal of effort to rear and maintain black soldier flies during the winter. In this study, we investigated how starvation affects larval development. After hatching the larvae, they were fed for 5 or 10 d and then starved for a certain period to see how they recovered. The length and width of larvae were estimated to be 18.18 to 21.96 mm, 5.19 to 6.04 mm, respectively. Larvae survivorship to the pupal stage was significantly different between groups and periods of starvation. The groups of fed for 5 d then starved showed a high survival rate until 20 d starvation and then the survival of larvae rapidly decreased. The survival rate of the larvae was abruptly decreased for 20 d starvation in the groups of fed for 10 d and starved, and then gradually decreased until 60 d starvation thereafter. Our research attempted to influence larvae development through starvation and provides basic information on how to culture the black soldier fly effectively and economically throughout the year.

Keywords

E1IEAM_2018_v37n2_100_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Mortality of both groups. We counted the number of individuals that progressed to the pupa stage in each group. Values are means ± SD and analyzed with a confidence interval of 95% by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Graphs with different letters are significantly different within groups.

Table 1. Larvae length and width of both groups. At intervals of 10-d starvation, larvae were fed until they become prepupae. Larval length and width were measured in each group. Values are means ± SD and analyzed with a confidence interval of 95% by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test.

E1IEAM_2018_v37n2_100_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Larvae weight of both groups. At intervals of 10-d starvation, larvae were fed until they became prepupae. One hundred larvae were weighed before they became prepupae in each group. Values are means ± SD and analyzed with a confidence interval of 95% by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test.

E1IEAM_2018_v37n2_100_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Emergence rate of both groups. Values are means ± SD and analyzed with a confidence interval of 95% by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test.

E1IEAM_2018_v37n2_100_t0003.png 이미지

References

  1. Auerswald L, Gade G (2000) Metabolic changes in the African fruit beetle, Pachnoda sinuata, during starvation. J Insect Physiol 46, 343-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00187-0
  2. Blows MW, Hoffmann AA (1993) The genetics of central and marginal populations of Drosophila serrata. 1. Genetic variation for stress resistance and species borders. Evolution 47, 1255-1270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb02151.x
  3. Bondari K, Sheppard DC (1981) Soldier fly larvae as feed in commercial fish production. Aquaculture 24, 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(81)90047-8
  4. Brian A (1991) Starvation resistance of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): tradeoffs among growth, body size, and survival. Oecol 88, 422-429 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317588
  5. Chia SY, Tnaga CM, Khamis FM, Mohamed SA, Salifu D, Sevgan S, et al. (2018) Threshold temperatures and thermal requirements of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens: Implications for mass production. PLoS One 13(11), e0206097 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206097
  6. Djawdan M, Chippindale AK, Rose MR, Bradley TJ (1998) Metabolic reserves and evolved stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Zool 71, 584-594. https://doi.org/10.1086/515963
  7. Harnden LM, Tomberlin JK (2016). Effects of temperature and diet on black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.)(Diptera: Stratiomyidae), development. Forensic Sci Int 266, 109-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.007
  8. Hill L, Goldsworthy GJ (1970) The utilization of reserves during starvation of larvae of the migratory locust. Comp Biochem Physiol 36, 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(70)90650-X
  9. James MT (1935) The genus Hermetia in the United States (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Bull Brooklyn Entomol Soc 30, 165-170.
  10. Jutsum AR, Agarwal HC, Goldsworthy GJ (1975) Starvation and haemolymph lipids in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.). Acrida 4, 47-56.
  11. Kim JG, Choi YC, Choi JY, Kim WT, Jeong GS, Park KH, et al. (2008) Ecology of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratmyidae) in Korea. Kor J Appl Entomol 47, 337-343. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2008.47.4.337
  12. Kim JI (1997) Newly recording two exotic insects species from Korea. J Kor Biota 2, 223-225.
  13. Marron MT, Markow TA, Kain KJ, Gibbs AG (2003) Effects of starvation and desiccation on energy metabolism in desert and mesic Drosophila. J Insect Physiol 49, 261-270 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(02)00287-1
  14. McCallan E (1974) Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), a cosmopolitan American species long established in Australia and New Zealand. Entomol Mo Mag 109, 232-234.
  15. Newton GL, Booram CV, Barker RW, Hale OM (1977) Dried Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a supplement for swine. J Anim Sci 44, 395- 400. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1977.443395x
  16. Oudman L, van Delden W, Kamping, A, Bijlsma R (1994) Starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster in relation to the polymorphisms at the adh and alpha-gpdh loci. J Insect Physiol 40, 709-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(94)90098-1
  17. Park K, Kim W, Lee S, Choi Y, Nho S (2010) Seasonal pupation, adult emergence and mating of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in artificial rearing system. Int J Indust Entomol 21, 189-191.
  18. Park KH, Han MH, Lee S, Kim ES, Song MH, Kim WT, et al. (2017) Oviposition Activity of Black Soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) under Artificial Illumination. Int J Indust Entomol 35(2), 100-105. https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2017.35.2.100
  19. Service PM (1987) Physiological mechanisms of increased stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster selected for postponed senescence. Physiol Zool 60, 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.60.3.30162285
  20. Sheppard DC, Newton GL, Thompson SA (1994) A value added manure management system using the black soldier fly. Bio Resource Tech 50, 275-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(94)90102-3
  21. Sheppard DC, Tomberlin JK, Joyce JA, Kiser BC, Sumner SM. (2002) Rearing methods for the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J Med Entomol 39, 695-698. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-39.4.695
  22. Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC, Joyce JA (2002) Selected Life-History Traits of Black Soldier Flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Reared on Three Artificial Diets. Ann Entomol Soc Am 95(3), 379-3386. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0379:SLHTOB]2.0.CO;2
  23. van Herrewege J, David JR (1997) Starvation and desiccation tolerances in Drosophila: comparison of species from different climatic origins. Eco Sci 4, 151-157.