Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (상하수도학회지)

The Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (대한상하수도학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of C/N ratio on biofim growth in tap water

수돗물의 C/N 비율이 생물막 생장에 미치는 영향

  • Cho, Ji-Min (Kangwon National University, Department of Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Kim, Yeong-Kwan (Kangwon National University, Department of Environmental Engineering)
  • Received : 2018.09.10
  • Accepted : 2018.11.20
  • Published : 2018.12.17
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Microorganisms detected in the biofilm not only cause secondary pollution of drinking water such as taste, odor and pathogenic disease but also increase the amount of disinfectant due to microbial regrowth during the transportation of tap water. In this work, the influence of C/N ratio in tap water on the characteristics of biofilm growth was examined. The C/N ratio of the tap water sample was controlled at 100:5, 100:10, 100:20, 100:30, and 100:40 by adding appropriate amounts of dextrose and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$. Of the five C/N ratios, heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) was highest at the ratio of 100:10. Following the initial formation in all the five experimental conditions, natural detachment of the biofilm was observed. Extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) analyses showed that the change of the EEA during the experimental period was similar to that of the HPC, demonstrating a positive correlation between HPC and EEA. For TOC concentration in the tap water sample, approximately 75% of the TOC was consumed in 7 days of the experiment and 96% in 28 days. The TOC appeared to be relatively rapidly consumed at the initial phase of the biofilm growth. Consumption pattern of the ammonia nitrogen was different from the TOC consumption pattern showing the different role of ammonia nitrogen on the growth of biofilm.

Keywords

References

  1. American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; and Water Environment Federation. (1995). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed., Washington D.C., USA.
  2. Bitton, G., and K.C. Marshall. (1980). Adsorption Microorganisms Surfaces. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
  3. Cho, J.M. (2018). Biofilm Growth Characteristics According to C/N Ratio of Drinking Water, Master's Thesis, Kangwon National University, Korea.
  4. Costerton, J.W., Lewandowski, Z., Caldwell, D.E., Korber, D.R., and Lappin-Scott, H.M. (1995). Microbial biofilms, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 49, 711-745. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.003431
  5. Donlan, R.M. and Pipes, W.O. (1988). Selected drinking water characteristics and attached microbial population density, J. AWWA, 80(11), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03137.x
  6. Geldreich, E.E. (1996). Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  7. Herson. D.S., McGonigle. B., Payer. M.A., and Baker. K.H. (1987). Attachemnt as a factor in the protection of Enterobactercloacae from chlorination, Appl. Environ, Microbiol., 53, 1178-1180.
  8. Jarvis, W.R. (1990). Opportunistic Pathogenic Microorganisms in Biofilms. Centers for Disease Control. Washington, DC.
  9. Kim, Y.K. and Choi, S.C. (2003). Development of the Biostabilioty FActor of Potable Water and the Sensitivity Analysis, Korea Sci. Eng. Found., R01-2000-000-00341-0, 98-100.
  10. LeChevallier, M.W., Babcock, T.M. and Lee, R.G. (1987). Examination and characterization of distribution system biofilm, Appl. Envir. Microbiol 53(12), 2514-2676.
  11. LeChevallier, M.W., Schulz, W., and Lee, G.R.(1998). Inactivation of biofilm bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54(10), 2492-2499.
  12. Lund V, Ormerod K. (1995). The influence of disinfection processes on biofilm formation in water distribution systems, Water Res., 29, 1013-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00280-K
  13. Miettinen, I., Vartiainen, T., and Martikainen, P.J. (1997). Microbial growth and assimilable organic carbon in Finnish drinking waters, Water Sci. Technol., 35(11-12), 301-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00276-X
  14. Nagy, L.A. and Olson, B.H. (1986). Occurrence and significance of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts associated with distribution pipe surfaces, Proc. Water Quality Technol., Conference, Houston, TX.
  15. Percival, S.L. and Walker, J.T. (1999). Potable water and biofilms: a review of public health implications, Biofouling, 42(2) 99-115.
  16. Sathasivan, A. and Ohgaki, S. (1999). Application of new bacterial regrowth potential method for water distribution system a clear evidence of phosphorus limitation, Water Res., 33(1), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00158-4
  17. Sung, K.S. (2002). Characteristics of Biofilm in Tap Water, Master's Thesis, Kangwon National University, Korea
  18. Van der Wende, E. and Characklis, W.G. (1990). Biofilms in potable water distribution system, 251-271. In G.A. McFeters (ed.), Drinking Water Microbiology, Springer-Verlag, New York.
  19. Zacheus. O.M., Livanainen. E.L., Nissinen. T.K., Lehtola. M.J., and Martikainen. P.J. (2000). Bacterial biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and stainless steel exposed to ozonated water, Water Res., 34(1) 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00113-X