Fig. 1. Biomass pyrolysis system.
Fig. 2. Preparation process of emulsified fuel.
Fig. 3. Destabilization phenomena.
Fig. 4. Photograph of engine dynamo.
Fig. 5. Schematic of experiment systems.
Fig. 6. Stability curve of MDO-15 at 30°C.
Fig. 7. Stability curve of MDO-20 at 30°C.
Fig. 8. NOx reduction on each load.
Fig. 9. Temperature changes on each ND-13 mode of 1,500rpm.
Fig. 10. Temperature changes on each ND-13 mode of 2,000rpm.
Fig. 11. Smoke emission of each fuel of 1,500rpm.
Fig. 12. Smoke emission of each fuel of 2,000rpm.
Fig. 13. Total reduction rate on each emulsion fuel.
Table 1. Property of marine diesel oil(MDO)
Table 2. Property of emulsion fuel
Table 3. Specification of test engine
References
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Assessments and Standard Division, "In-Use Testing Program for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine and Vehicles-Technical Support Document; EPA 420-R-05-006," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, (2005).
- Herdzik, J. Emissions from marine engines versus IMO certification and requirements of Tier 3. J. KONES, Vol.18, p.161-167, (2011).
- A.U. Zaman, "Comparative Study of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Technologies Using Life Cycle Assessment Methods," Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., Vol.7, No.2, p.225-234, Springer, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326132
- Jeon E., Han S., "Analysis of Bio Energy & Strategy," Vol.1, No.2, August, (2014).
- REN21, "Renewables 2013 Global Status Report," (2013).
- Ministry of Knowledge Economy, "Biomass Strategy Roadmap," (2012).
- Ministry of Knowledge Economy, "The 3rd Renewable Energy Technology Development and Utilization. Supply Master Plan," (2013).
- Andrea, B., Renxian, L., Konstantinos, B., "Influence of Water-Diesel Fuel Emulsions and EGR on Combustion and Exhaust Emissions of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Equipped with Common-Rail Injection System," p.3146, Elsevier, (2003).
- S. Hironori, U. Koji, "Feasibility Study on the Utilization of Water-in-Oil Type Emulsified Fuels to Small DI Diesel Engines," p.9602, Elsevier, (2011).
- M. Kim, "A Study of Emulsion Fuel of Cellulosic Biomass Oil," J. Korean Oil Chem. Soc., Vol.33, No.4, December, p.836-847, (2016). https://doi.org/10.12925/jkocs.2016.33.4.836
- M. Kim, J. Oh, C. Lee, "Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Marine Diesel Oil and Water-In-Oil Emulsified Marine Diesel Oil," Energies, Vol.11, No.7, (2018).
- S. M. Oh, "low-emission Diesel Engines using Fuel Emulsion Technology," Machinery and Material, 12th ed., Vol.2, p.47-50, (2000).
- P. Becher, "Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology", Vol.1, p.94-127, M. Dekker Inc, (1983).
- J. Kim and H. Kim, "Emulsion Viscosity with Oil Polarity and Interpretation by Organic Conceptual Diagram," J. Korean Oil Chem. Soc., Vol.31, No.4, December, p.623-627, (2014). https://doi.org/10.12925/jkocs.2014.31.4.623
- M. Koebel, M. Elsener, M. Kleemann, "Urea-SCR: A promising technique to reduce NOx emissions from automotive diesel engines." Catal. Today, Vol.59, p.335-346, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00299-6
- F. Birkhold, U. Meingast, P. Wassermann, O, Deutschmann, "Analysis of the Injection of Urea-Water-Solution for Automotive SCR DeNOx-System; Modeling of Two-Phase Flow and Spray/Wall-Interaction," SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0643, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, USA, (2006).
- F. Birkhold, U. Meingast, P. Wassermann, O. Deutschmann, "Modeling and simulation of the injection of urea-water-solution for automotive SCR DeNOx-system," Appl. Catal. B, Vol.70, p.119-127, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.12.035
- A. Lif, K. Holmberg, "Water-in-diesel emulsions and related systems," Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., Vol.1, p.123-126, (2006).
- W.B. Fu, I. Y. Hou, L. Wang, F. A. Ma, "A unified model for the micro-explosion of emulsified droplets of oil and water," Fuel Process. Technol., Vol.79, p.107-119, (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00106-6
- H. Watanabe, Y. Matsushita, H. Aoki, T. Miura, "Numerical simulation of emulsified fuel spray combustion with puffing and micro-explosion," Combust. Flame, Vol.1, p.839-852, (2010).