Fig. 1. Circuit diagrams for the proposed topological family. (a) Forward mode. (b) Interleaving forward mode. (c) Push-pull full-wavemode. (d) Push-pull full-bridge mode. (e) Half-bridge full-wave mode. (f) Half-bridge full-bridge mode. (g) Full-bridge full-wavemode. (h) Full-bridge full-bridge mode.
Fig. 2. Principal waveforms within one switching period Ts.
Fig. 3. Twelve switching modes in the CCM during one switching period Ts. (a) [t1- t2]. (b) [t2- t3]. (c) [t3- t4]. (d) [t4- t5].(e) [t5- t6]. (f) [t6- t7]. (g) [t7- t8]. (h) [t8- t9]. (i) [t9- t10]. (j) [t10- t11]. (k) [t11- t12]. (l) [t12- t13].
Fig. 4. Equivalent circuits in the CCM during one Ts. (a) State 1.(b) State 2.
Fig. 5. Designed and developed prototype.
Fig. 6. Principle test waveforms of the proposed converter. (a) CH2: uN1 (200V/div); CH1: iN1 (10A/div); t(5ms/div). (b) CH2: uN1(196V/div); CH1: iN1 (9.8A/div); t(20μs/div). (c) CH2: uAB (200V/div); CH1: iLf (10A/div); t(10ms/div). (d) CH2: uAB (146V/div);CH1: iLf (1.46A/div); t(18μs/div). (e) CH1: trigger voltage ugs1a of the power switch S1a (20V/div); CH2: voltage uds1a across S1a(200V/div); t(5ms/div). (f) CH1: trigger voltage ugs5b of the power switch S5b(20V/div); CH2: voltage uds5b across S5b (200V/div);t(10μs/div). (g) CH1: input voltage ui (200V/div); CH2: reference voltage uref (5V/div); t(5ms/div). (h) CH1: uo at a resistive load(100V/div); CH2: io at a resistive load (5A/div); t(10ms/div). (i) CH1: io at a RL load (5A/div); CH2: uo at a RL load (100V/div);t(10ms/div). (j) CH1: io at a RC load (2A/div); CH2: uo at a RC load (100V/div); t(10ms/div).
Fig. 7. Conversion efficiency and line power factor versus theload at different input voltages. (a) Conversion efficiency ηversus output power Po at different input voltages ui. (b) Linepower factor cosφi versus output power Po at different inputvoltages ui.
TABLE I COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED TOPOLOGIES
References
- H. Keyhani and H. A. Toliyat, "Isolated ZVS highfrequency- link AC-AC converter with a reduced switch count," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 4156-4166, Aug. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2290544
- U. Nasir, M. Rivera, A. Costabeber, and P. W. Wheeler, "A Venturini based modulation technique for a newisolated AC/AC power converter," IECON 2016 -42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 6243-6248, 2016.
- T. Friedli, J. W. Kolar, J. Rodriguez, and P. W. Wheeler, "Comparative evaluation of three-phase AC-AC matrix converter and voltage dc-link back-to-back converter systems," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 59, No. 12, pp. 4487-4510, Dec. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2011.2179278
- C. Li, Y. Deng, Z. Lv, W. Li, X. He, and Y. Wang, "Virtual quadrature source-based sinusoidal modulation applied to high-frequency link converter enabling arbitrary direct AC-AC power conversion," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 4195-4208, Aug. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2287508
- G. P. Adam, I. A. Abdelsalam, K. H. Ahmed, and B. W. Williams, "Hybrid multilevel converter with cascaded H-bridge cells for HVDC applications: operating principle and scalibility," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 65-77, Jan. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2303111
- J. Rodriguez, M. M. D. Bellar, and R. R. S. Munoz- Aguilar, "Multilevel-clamped multilevel converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 1055-1060, Mar. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2172224
- K. K. Nallamekala and K. Sivakumar, "A fault-tolerant dual three-level inverter configuration for multipole induction motor drive with reduced torque ripple," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 1450-1457, Mar. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2495281
- A. Nami, J. Liang, F. Dukhuizen, and G. D. Demetriades, "Modular multilevel converters for HVDC applications: review on converter cells and functionalities," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 18-36, Jan. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2327641
- Z. Li, P. Wang, H. Zhu, and Y. Li, "An improved pulse width modulation method for chopper-cell-based modular multilevel converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 3472-3481, Aug. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2187800
- M. Sharifzade, H. Vahedi, R. Portillo, M. Khenar, A. Sheikholeslami, L. G. Franquelo, and K. Al-Haddad, "Hybrid SHM-SHE pulse amplitude modulation for high power four-leg inverter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, No. 11, pp. 7234-7242, Nov. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2538204
- H. Zhao, T. Jin, S. Wang, and L. Sun, "A real-time selective harmonic elimination based on a transient-free, inner closed-loop control for cascaded multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 1000- 1014, Feb. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2413898
- D. Peftitsis, G. Tolstoy, A. Antonopoulos, and J. Rabkowski, "High-power modular multilevel converters with SiC JFETs," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 28-36, Jan. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2155671
- L. Zhang, K. Sun, Y. Xing, and J. Zhao, "A family of five-level dual-buck full-bridge inverters for grid-tied applications," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 31, No. 10, pp. 7029-7042, Oct. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2511068
- N. D. Weise, G. Castelino, K. Basu, and N. Mohan, "A single-stage dual-active-bridge-based soft switched AC/DC converter with open-loop power factor correction and other advanced features," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 4007-4016, Aug. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2293112
- M. M. C. Merlin, T. C. Green, P. D. Mitcheson, D. R. Trainer, R. Critchley, W. Crookes, and F. Hassan, "The alternate arm converter: a new hybrid multilevel converter with dc-fault blocking capability," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 310-317, Jan. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2282171
- H. Yang and M. Saeedifard, "A capacitor voltage balancing strategy with minimized ac circulating current for the DC-DC modular multilevel converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 956-965, Feb. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2613059
- S. Du, B. Wu, K. Tian, D. Xu, and N. R. Zargari, "A novel medium-voltage modular multilevel DC-DC converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, No. 12, pp. 7939-7949, Dec. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2542130
- A. Gandomkar, A. Parastar, and J. Seok, "High-power multilevel step-up DC/DC converter for offshore wind energy systems," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, No. 12, pp. 7574-7585, Dec. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2594050
- J. Napoles, A. J. Watson, J. J. Padilla, J. I. Leon, L. G. Franquelo, P. W. Wheeler, and M. A. Aguirre, "Selective harmonic mitigation technique for cascaded H-bridge rectifiers with nonequal dc link voltages," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 1963-1971, May 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2192896
- A. Moeini, H. Iman-Eini, and A. Marzoughi, "DC link voltage balancing approach for cascaded H-bridge active rectifier based on selective harmonic elimination-pulse width modulation," IET Power Electron., Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 583-590, Apr. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0086
- D. Divan, J. Sastry, A. Prasai, and H. Johal, "Thin ac converters-a new approach for making existing grid assets smart and controllable," in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., pp. 1695-1701, 2008.
- D. Divan and J. Sastry, "Control of multilevel direct ac converters," in Proc. IEEE Energy Convers. Congr. Expo., pp. 3077-3084, 2009.
- Y. L. Meng, P. W. Wheeler, and C. Klumpner, “Spacevector modulated multilevel matrix converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 57, No. 10, pp. 3385-3394, Oct. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2009.2038940
- L. Li, J. D. Yang, and Q. L. Zhong, “Novel family of single-stage three-level ac choppers,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 504-511, Feb. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2061866
- L. Li and D. C. Tang, "Cascade three-level ac-ac direct converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 27-34, Jan. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2011.2143376
- J. Zhu and L. Li, "Novel high frequency isolated half-bridge three-level AC/AC converter," 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp. 1583-1587, 2011.