Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Green Spaces in the Urban Peripheries of Metropole Regions for Sustainable Development - Focused on Berlin, Milano and Seoul -

지속가능한 발전을 위한 대도시 외연부 녹지 활용 사례연구 - 베를린, 밀라노, 서울을 대상으로 -

  • Received : 2016.11.22
  • Accepted : 2018.01.14
  • Published : 2018.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study focused on cases that led sustainable urban development through the construction and utilization of organic greenery systems linking green spaces of urban peripheries with metropolitan areas. To that end, Berlin - Brandenburg's regional parks in Germany and Milan's Raggi Verdi, a radial green axis project, in Italy were selected for analysis as case studies. As frameworks for this analysis, this study has established existing infrastructure accessibility and linkage, recycling and cooperative management. The results of the case study analysis are as follows: First, the specialized spatial strategy based on the individuality of the green space outside the city rather than a uniform landscape was used as the foundation of the sustainable development plan. Second, physical linkage from the center of the city to the periphery contributed to the sustainable development of the overall metropolis by improving the economic value of the surrounding area as well as ecological and environmental values. Third, the central management system was established to reduce the administrative inconvenience caused by multiple administrative districts in the green space of urban periphery. The implications of applying the above results to Seoul, Korea are as follows. First, it is necessary to establish a differentiation strategy by re-establishing the identity of a green landscape in the urban periphery, because the green spaces of Seoul's periphery are dispersed and mostly have a repetitious mountain landscape. Also, it is necessary to actively link peripheral mountains and urban green areas to create ecological value and economic value, and ultimately to help the sustainable development of the city. Finally, building an integrated management system is required to solve fragmented green space management departments in most of the urban periphery's green spaces. In conclusion, this study shows the significant possibility that the sustainable development of a metropolis can be derived from the utilization, linkage, and management of the green space in the urban peripheries, which is extraordinary compared to normal centralized urban development.

본 연구는 지속가능한 도시 발전을 위해 도시 외연부 녹지를 활용한 해외사례에 주목하였다. 그 대상으로 서울의 외연부 녹지와 입지적 형태적 상황이 유사한 독일 베를린-브란덴부르크 광역공원화 사례와 이탈리아 밀라노의 방사형 녹지축 사례를 선정 및 분석하였다. 분석의 틀로 기존 인프라 접근성 및 연계, 재활용, 협력적 관리를 세웠다. 사례분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도시 외연부 녹지의 생태적, 문화적 특성을 고려한 차별화 된 공간 전략이 지속가능한 발전 계획의 토대로 이용되었다. 둘째, 도시 중심에서 외곽으로 이어지는 물리적 연계가 생태적, 환경적 가치뿐 아니라, 주변 지역의 경제적 가치 향상과 연결되어 도시의 지속가능한 발전에 이바지하였다. 셋째, 도시 외연부에 걸쳐있는 녹지의 통합적인 협력 관리 시스템을 구축하여, 행정관리 주체의 다원화와 다양한 이해관계자 사이의 갈등을 유기적인 조절을 통해 지속성을 유지하고자 하였다. 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 현재 서울 외연부는 녹지가 분산되어 있고 연속적인 산지가 이루어져 있으나, 전체 경관이 획일적이기 때문에, 도시 외연부 녹지 경관의 정체성을 재정립한 차별화 전략 수립이 필요하다. 또한, 주변부산지와 도심지 녹지를 적극적으로 연계하여 생태적 가치와 경제적 가치 창출을 도모하고, 궁극적으로 도심의 지속가능한 발전이 이루어질 수 있도록 도모해야 한다. 마지막으로, 도시 외연부에 위치한 녹지의 대부분이 여러 행정경계 상에 위치하여 녹지관리주체가 파편화 되어있는 현 실정을 해소하기 위한 통합적 관리 시스템을 구축해야 한다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 도심 중심의 도시 발전 관점에서 벗어나 도시 외연부 녹지의 접근성 및 연계, 활용 및 관리로부터 이루어지는 도심의 지속가능한 발전이 이루어질 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Amati, M.(2008) Urban Green Belts in the Twenty-first Century. London/New York: Routledge.
  2. Amt fuer Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg(2016) Statistischer Bericht-Bevoelkerungsentwicklung und Bevoelkerungsstand in Berlin Dezember 2015, Potsdam.
  3. Basten, L.(2004) Perceptions of urban space in the periphery: Potsdam's Kirchsteigfeld. Issue TOC 95(1): 89-99.
  4. Beyer, W., S. Krappweis, T. Maciuga, J. Raeder and M. Sinz(2002) Die Metropolregion Berlin-Brandenburg. Nationalatlas Bundesrepublik Deutschland-Doerfer und Staedte, Band 5: 166-167.
  5. Born, M.(2011) Kernindikatorensatz Fuer Eine Nachhaltige Entwicklung Berlins, Senatsverwaltung fuer Stadtentwicklung Berlin.
  6. Chae, J.(2016) Change of Pluralistic Value in Mt. Gwanak as Suburban Mountain. Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University. Seoul. Korea.
  7. Cho, S.(2009) City Regeneration Strategy in Low-Carbon Green- Growth Generation-Green Infrastructure Development Strategy, Chungnam Institute.
  8. Choi, Y. and M. Kim(2008) Recent Trends and Implications of Green Belt Policy in the UK, France, Germany, Policy Brief 168, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements.
  9. Countryside Agency and Groundwork(2005) The Country In and Around Towns: A Vision for Connecting Town and Country in the Pursuit of Sustainable Development.
  10. Fan, P., L. Xu, W. Yue and J. Chen(2017) Accessibility of public urban green space in an urban periphery: The case of Shanghai. in Landscape and Urban Planning 165: 177-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.11.007
  11. Federal State of the City of Berlin(1998) The ENVIBASE-Project Documentation/Online Handbook, Berlin, Ministry of Urban Planning, Environmental Protection and Technology, at http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/archiv_sensut/umwelt/uisonline/envibase/handbook/lombardypartner.htm
  12. Fesenmaier, D. R., M. F. Goodchild and S. Morrison(1979) The spatial structure of the rural-urvan fringe: A multivariate approach. University of Western Ontario, Canadian Geographer 23(3): 255-265.
  13. Gant, R. L., G. M. Robinson and S. Fazal(2010) Land-use change in the 'Edgelands': Policies and pressures in London's rural-urban fringe. Land Use Policy 28: 266-279.
  14. Garreau, J.(1991) Edge City: Life on the New Frontier, New York: Doubleday.
  15. Gemeinsame Landesplanung Berlin-Brandburg(GL) (2001) Regionalparks in Brandenburg und Berlin, Strategien fuer eine nachhaltige Entwicklung des Metropolenraumes, Berlin-Brandenburg.
  16. Gemeinsame Landesplanungsabteilung Berlin-Brandenbrug(GL) (2002) Gemeinsamer Landesentwicklungsplan fuer den engeren Verfelchtungsraum Brandenburg-Berlin LEPeV, Berlin-Brandenburg.
  17. Gemeinsame Landesplanung Berlin-Brandenburg(GL) (2004) Regionalparks in Brandenburg und Berlin, Ein nachhaltiges stadtregionales Kooperationsmodell, Berlin-Brandenburg.
  18. Geneletti, D., D. La Rosa, M. Spyra and C. Cortinovis(2017) A review of approaches and challenges for sustainable planning in urban peripheries. in Landscape and Urban Planning 165: 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.01.013
  19. Hansen, R., M. Buizer, E. Rall, Y. DeBellis, C. Davies, B. Elands, F. Wiersum and S. Pauleit(2015) Green Surge. Report of Case Study City Portraits, University of Copenhagen:215-226.
  20. Hirofumi, U., M. Kuninori and K. Uchiyama(2013) The City in the 21st Century: City as Social Overhead Capital 2(Lee C., Moon K. and Yoon H. Trans.), Seoul: Miseum(original work published 2003).
  21. Hoh, Y.(2015) Die Landschaften der Metropolregion Seoul - Entwicklung des Gruenguertels anhand Seiner Qualitaeten. Master's Thesis, Technical University of Munich. Munich, Germany.
  22. Hoh, Y. and S. Ahn(2017) The lost perphery. in Topos Periphery 98: 86-93.
  23. Howard, E.(1898) Garden Cities of Tomorrow, London: Faber and Faber.
  24. Kim, J.(2012) Landscape fragmentation of circular greenspace in Cheongju and requirements for a sustainable development. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society 47(1): 79-97.
  25. Kim, S.(2009) Study on urban reconstruction strategy and cases to configure new identity of Milan. Journal of the Korean Institute of Culture Architecture 27: 63-70.
  26. Kim, S.(2010) Urban Renewal through Entvironment Network-Milano, in Seoul Seminar Presentation.
  27. Kipar, A., Land Milano, Giovanni Sala+Partners(2009) Raggi Verdi, Green Vision for Milano 2015, Berlin: edes Land Forum.
  28. Korea Environment Institute(2007) A Study on Guideline for Urban Ecological Corridor Development.
  29. Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg(2003) Uebersicht zur Routenfuehrung "Rund um Berlin" Anschluesse Fernradwege( 1:250,000).
  30. Lee, J.(2002) A study on the characteristics of sustainable urban form - Daegu city case study. Daegu Gyeongbuk Development Institute 7: 1-20.
  31. Lee, W., H. Choi and B. Lee(2007) Economic Supporting Programs to Protect Valuable Open Spaces in Urban Fringe Area. Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements.
  32. Marshall, F., L. Waldman, H. MacGregor, L. Mehta and P. Randhawa (2009) On the Edge of Sustainability: Perspectives on Peri-urban Dynamics. STEPS Centre.
  33. Mortimore, M., and J. Wilson(1965) Land and People in the Kano Close-Settled Zone: A Survey of Some Aspects of Rural Economy in the Ungogo District, Kano Province, Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Geography Occasional Paper No. 1, Zaria, Nigeria.
  34. Mumford, L.(1961) The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects, Harcourt, New York: Brace & World.
  35. Natural England(2007) Green Infrastructure and the Urban Fringe: Learning Lessons from the Countryside In and Around Towns programme.
  36. Prigge, W. (1998) Peripherie ist ueberall, Frankfurt am Main, Campus.
  37. Pryor, R. J.(1968) Defining the rural-urban fringe. Socail Forces 47(2): 202-215. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/47.2.202
  38. Regionalverband Ruhr-Die Regionaldirektorin, Referat Europaeische und regionale Netzwerke Ruhr(RVR) (2016) Gruene Infrastruktur Ruhr, Boenen: Kettler GmbH.
  39. Schmauck, S.(2015) Regionalparks als informelles Steueurungselement fuer den Natur - und Freiraumschutz in Europa. Ph.D. Dissertation, Technische Universitaet Kaiserlautern, Kaiserlautern.
  40. Schoebel, S.(2003) Qualitative Freiraumplanung: Perspektiven staedtischer Gruen - und Freiraeume aus Berlin, Berlin: wvb Verlag.
  41. Senatsverwaltung fuer Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt(SenStadtUm) (2015) Anteil oeffentlicher Gruenflaechen in Berlin, Berlin
  42. Senatsverwaltung fuer Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt(SenStadtUm) (2016) Berliner Nachhaltigkeitsprofil-Berliner Potenziale und Begabungen fuer die nachhaltige Entwicklung nutzen, Berlin.
  43. Seoul Metropolitan Government (2015) 2030 Seoul Park and Green Space Master Plan (2015), Seoul, Green City Policy.
  44. Sieverts, T.(1997) Zwischenstadt. Zwischen Ort und Welt, Raum und Zeit, Stadt und Land, Braunschweig:Vieweg.
  45. Smith, T. L.(1937) The population of Louisiana: Its omposition and changes. Louisiana Bulletin 293:24.
  46. Sustainable Urban Fringes Project(SURF) (2012) Connecting Urban & Rural - Sustainable Urban Fringes(SURF) Project Report.
  47. The Seoul Institute (2009) A Study on the Revision Plan of Existing Urban Natural Park Management Plan. Gangnam 1, Seoul: The Seoul Institute.
  48. Whitehand, J. W. R. and N. J. Morton(2003) Fringe belts and the recycling of urban land: An academic concept and planning practice. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 30(6): 819-839. https://doi.org/10.1068/b12997
  49. Yang, H.(2015) A Study on the Basic Policy of Green Infrastructure connected with Green Belt, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
  50. Zlender, V., and C. Ward Thomson(2017) Accessibility and use of peri- urban green space for inner-city dwellers: A comparative study. in Landscape and Urban Planning 165: 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.011
  51. AIM Milano, http://aim.milano.it/it/progetti/archivio-progetti/raggi-verdi
  52. Comune Miano http://www.comune.milano.it
  53. Gyeonggi Research Institute, http://www.gri.re.kr, http://www.regionalparks-brandenburg-berlin.de/
  54. Instituto Nazionale di Statistica(2015) Statistiche demografiche ISTAT, http://demo.istat.it/bil2015/index.html
  55. Land S.r.l. http://www.landsrl.com/strategies/raggi-verdi-mi-lu/
  56. Raggi Verdi http://www.raggiverdi.it/
  57. Raggi Verdi https://issuu.com/andreaskipar_land/docs/raggiverdi_greenvision_milano2015
  58. Seoul Museum of History, http://www.museum.seoul.kr/archive/seoulMap/seoulMapBsnsIntrcn.jsp
  59. Seoul Open Data http://data.seoul.go.kr
  60. Statistik fuer Berlin-Brandenburg(2015) https://www.statistik-berlinrandenburg.de/BasisZeitreiheGrafik/Bas-Bevoelkerungsstand-zensus.asp?Ptyp=300&Sageb=12021&creg=BBB&anzwer=7
  61. Turismo milano, http://www.turismo.milano.it/wps/portal/tur/en/scoprilacitta/spaziverdi
  62. Water Resources Management Information System, http://www.wamis.go.kr/