Research in Plant Disease (식물병연구)

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Survey of Major Leaf Disease Occurred on Apple Tree in Korea from 1992-2010

1992-2010년도 사과나무 잎에 발생하는 주요 병해 발생조사

  • Cheon, Wonsu (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Do, Yun-Su (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Young (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Choi, Kyung-Hee (Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Nam, Jong-Chul (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Se Jin (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Hyuk (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science)
  • 천원수 (국립원예특작과학원사과연구소) ;
  • 도윤수 (국립원예특작과학원과수과) ;
  • 이선영 (국립원예특작과학원사과연구소) ;
  • 최경희 (국립원예특작과학원기획조정과) ;
  • 남종철 (국립원예특작과학원사과연구소) ;
  • 김세진 (국립원예특작과학원사과연구소) ;
  • 이동혁 (국립원예특작과학원사과연구소)
  • Received : 2018.06.27
  • Accepted : 2018.09.03
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Disease occurrence in apple cultivars on 13-30 apple orchards from April to October 1992-2010 was investigated at 30 days intervals in Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam and Jeonbuk provinces of Korea. Apple cultivar 'Fuji' was found most susceptible and is being damaged by cedar apple rust, scab, gray mold, Alternaria blotch and Marssonia blotch as major leaf diseases that were observed. The percentage of occurrence of these leaf diseases varies from every year. This variation is based on different rainfall and temperature conditions, cultivation, root stock and changed system of fungicide spray during the particular year and season.

1992년부터 2010년까지 경북 군위를 비롯한 사과 주산지 8개 지역에서 사과의 잎에 발병하는 병의 발생상황을 조사하였다. 사과의 잎에 발병하는 주요 병은 붉은별무늬병, 잿빛곰팡이병, 점무늬낙엽병, 갈색무늬병이였다. 지난 19년간 사과 잎에 발병하는 병의 발생양상은 상당히 많이 변해왔는데, 1990년대 초반, 발생이 많아 문제가 되었던 붉은별무늬병, 검은별무늬병은 1990년대 후반 이후 발생이 감소하거나 발생하지 않았다. 잿빛곰팡이병은 일부 과원에 따라 발병이 관찰되었으며, 점무늬낙엽병과 갈색무늬병의 발병은 지속적으로 발병이 관찰되었다. 병해발생상황은 기상조건, 재배조건 및 방식, 약제 살포 체계 등 다양한 요인에 의해 변화한 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 병해들의 발생상황의 변화에 대한 조사는 장기적이고 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Cedar apple rust incidence in apple orchard during 1992 to 2010. (A) Annual incidence of cedar apple rust in ’Fuji’ apple (B) Percentage of infected orchards. (C) Average monthly incidence of cedar apple rust. (D) Cedar apple rust caused by Gymnosporangium yamadae.

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Fig. 2. Scab incidence in apple orchard during 1992 to 2000. (A) Annual incidence of scab in ’Fuji’ apple. (B) Percentage of infected orchards.(C) Average monthly incidence of scab. (D) Scab caused by Venturia inaequalis.

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Fig. 3. Gray mold incidence in apple orchard during 1998 to 2010. (A) Annual incidence of gray mold in ’Fuji’ apple. (B) Percentage of infected orchards. (C) Average monthly incidence of gray mold. (D) Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea.

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Fig. 4. Alternaria blotch incidence in apple orchard during 1992 to 2010. (A) Annual incidence of Alternaria blotch in ’Fuji’ apple. (B) Percentage of infected orchards. (C) Average monthly incidence of Alternaria blotch. (D) Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria altanata.

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Fig. 5. Marssonia blotch incidence in apple orchard during 1992 to 2010. (A) Annual incidence of Marssonia blotch in ’Fuji’ apple. (B) Percentage of infected orchards. (C) Average monthly incidence of Marssonia blotch. (D) Marssonia blotch caused by Marssonia coronariae.

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Fig. 6. Correlations between disease occurrence in the apple at the harvesting stage and precipitation surveyed. The coefficient between the precipitation of April to October and the disease occurrence of Marssonina blotch was calculated as 0.48.

Table 1. Numbers of apple orchards surveyed in 1992-2010

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Table 2. Rootstocks of surveyed apple orchards

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Table 3. List of weather observation station

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