Fig. 1. Configuration of GNSS stations used in the study
Fig. 2. Horizontal error of each session (Case 1) where each symbol represents one session (30 minutes). The tropospheric delay parameters were not estimated in Case 1. The time span of each solution is defined as follows: Session O (19:00-19:30), P (19:30-20:00), Q (20:00-20:30), R (20:30-21:00) of each day
Fig. 3. Horizontal error of YONS without estimation of tropospheric delay (Case 2) on 2018-06-28 (DOY 179). Each symbol represents one session (30 minutes)
Fig. 4. Horizontal error of YONS with estimation of tropospheric delay (Case 3) on 2018-06-28 (DOY 179). Each symbol represents one session (30 minutes)
Fig. 5. Vertical error estimated with (Case 3) and without (Case 2) tropospheric delay. The 1-hr interval rainfall was plotted as a bar with numbers in unit of centimeter
Fig. 6. Results of the suggested strategy for the public surveying (Case 4)
Fig. 7. Suggested strategy for public surveying based on GNSS observation
Table 1. GNSS-based public surveying of triangulation control points (NGII, 2015a)
Table 2. Tolerance of field check
Table 3. Criteria for network adjustment with one known point
Table 4. Summary of test cases used in this study (Year 2018) where YONS is used for the estimation. No tropospheric delay was estimated for SUWN due to the correlation between stations. All times are given in GPST
Table 5. Reference coordinates of the stations for comparison. All coordinates are referenced to the IGS14 reference frame (Reference epoch: 2018-06-27 12:00:00) by constraining to the coordinates of IGS station SUWN
Table 6. GNSS processing models used in the study
Table 7. Statistics of Cases 2 and 3
Table 8. Observation chart of Case 4. The time span of each solution is defined as follows: Session O (19:00-19:30), P (19:30-20:00), Q (20:00-20:30), R (20:30-21:00). YO[L/M/N][O/P/Q/R/] are actually the same station, that is, YONS, but treated as different stations for stability comparison of the solutions. The symbol ● represents that there is an observation at the specified session. SUWN was used as a reference station to be aligned to IGS14 reference frame and to reduce the correlation of the tropospheric parameters between stations
Table 9. Statistics of Cases 1 and 4
참고문헌
- Dach, R., Lutz, S., Walser, P., and Fridez, P. (2015), Bernese GNSS Software Version 5.2, Vol. 1, Austronomical Institute, University of Bern.
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- KMA (2018), Open portal for meteorological data, Korea Meteorological Administration, https://data.kma.go.kr/cmmn/main.do (last date accessed: 10 September 2018).
- Lee, H. (2018), Impact of tropospheric modeling schemes into accuracy of estimated ellipsoidal heights by GPS baseline processing: experimental analysis and results, Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 245-254. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.7848/KSGPC.2018.36.4.245
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- MCT (2002), Regulations and rules in detail on public surveying, Ministry of Construction and Transportation, Notification No. 2002-177.
- MCT (2004), Regulations and rules in detail on public surveying, Ministry of Construction and Transportation, Notification No. 2003-326.
- NGII (2015a), Regulations and rules on public surveying, National Geographic Information Institute, Notification No. 2015-2538.
- NGII (2015b), Regulations and rules on the surveying of unified control points, National Geographic Information Institute, Notification No. 2015-1842.
- NGII (2018), Land information platform, National Geographic Information Institute, http://map.ngii.go.kr (last date accessed: 20 August 2018).
- Steigenberger, P., Boehm, J., and Tesmer, V. (2009), Comparison of GMF/GPT with VMF1/ECMWF and implications for atmospheric loading, Journal of Geodesy, Vol. 83, pp. 943-951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-009-0311-8
피인용 문헌
- 딥러닝 기반 GNSS 천정방향 대류권 습윤지연 추정 연구 vol.39, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2021.39.1.23