DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigation of Unintentionally Hazardous Substance in Commercial Herbs for Food and Medicine

유통 식약공용농산물 중 비의도적 유해물질 오염도 조사

  • Seo, Mi-Young (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Gil (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Kwan (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team) ;
  • Jang, Mi-Kyung (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team) ;
  • Lee, Yu-Na (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team) ;
  • Ku, Eun-Jung (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team) ;
  • Park, Kwang-Hee (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team) ;
  • Yoon, Mi-Hye (Gyeonggi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment, Food Additives Analysis Team)
  • 서미영 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀) ;
  • 김명길 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀) ;
  • 김재관 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀) ;
  • 장미경 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀) ;
  • 이유나 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀) ;
  • 구은정 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀) ;
  • 박광희 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀) ;
  • 윤미혜 (경기도보건환경연구원 첨가물분석팀)
  • Received : 2018.07.09
  • Accepted : 2018.11.07
  • Published : 2018.12.30

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the contamination levels of heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury) and aflatoxin (such as $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$ and $G_2$) in commercial herbs for food and medicine. The concentrations of the heavy metals were measured by the ICP-MS and a mercury analyzer. The aflatoxins were analyzed by a HPLC-florescence coupled with photochemical derivatization. The detection ranges of the lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury were found to be 0.006~4.088 mg/kg, 0.002~2.150 mg/kg, ND~0.610 mg/kg and ND~0.0139 mg/kg respectively. Among the total samples, the 3 samples (2.6%) were not suitable for the specification of cadmium by the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). The 13 samples of the total 117 samples were aflatoxin positive (11.1%). The amount of aflatoxin $G_1$ was $0.7834{\mu}g/kg$ in the Puerariae Radix and aflatoxin $G_2$ were $0.3517{\mu}g/kg$, $0.4881{\mu}g/kg$ in two samples of the Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, respectively. The aflatoxins $B_2$ and $G_1$ were simultaneously detected in the 10 Angelicae Gigantis Radix. The detection ranges of aflatoxins $B_2$ and $G_1$ were $0.2324{\sim}1.0358{\mu}g/kg$ and $0.7552{\sim}1.6545{\mu}g/kg$ respectively in Angelicae Gigantis Radix. The results of the current study suggest that continuous monitoring is needed for the proactive management of commercial herbs for food and medicine safety.

본 연구에서는 2017년 대형유통매장 및 온라인에서 유통 중인 식약공용농산물 중 다소비 13품목 117건을 대상으로 중금속 4종(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은)과 아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$)의 함량을 조사하였다. 납 함량 분석 결과 117건 모두 기준(5 mg/kg이하) 이내로 검출되었고, 납의 검출량을 살펴보면 백출, 오가피, 갈근, 당귀에서 상대적으로 높게 검출되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 카드뮴 함량 분석결과 2.6%가 기준을 초과하여 검출되었다. 카드뮴 기준 초과한 시료는 갈근 2건, 백출 1건이고, 검출량은 갈근 2건에서 각각 2.150 mg/kg, 1.822 mg/kg(기준 0.3 mg/kg 이하)이었고, 백출이 1.130 mg/kg(기준 0.7 mg/kg 이하)이었다. 조사한 13품목 중 백출, 갈근, 당귀, 길경 등 뿌리 및 뿌리줄기 부위를 사용하는 식약공용농산물의 카드뮴 오염도가 비교적 높게 조사되었다. 비소 함량 분석 결과 ND~0.610 mg/kg의 검출범위를 나타내어 조사한 시료 모두 비소 기준(3 mg/kg 이하)에 적합하였다. 품목별 비소 함량 비교 결과 당귀가 평균 0.162 mg/kg으로 상대적으로 높게 검출되었다. 수은 함량 분석 결과 ND~0.0139 mg/kg으로 검출되어 식약공용농산물의 수은 오염도가 낮음을 확인하였다. 식약공용농산물의 아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$) 오염도 조사 결과 11.1%의 검출률을 나타내었다. 갈근에서는 아플라톡신 $G_1$이 검출되었고 감초의 경우 2건 모두 아플라톡신 $G_2$가 검출되었다. 당귀는 검사한 10건 모두 아플라톡신 $G_1$, $B_2$가 동시에 검출되었다. 식약공용농산물 13품목 중 갈근, 백출, 감초, 당귀와 같이 뿌리부위를 사용하는 품목의 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은) 및 아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$) 검출률이 높게 조사되었다. 식약공용농산물의 안전한 유통 및 효율적인 품질관리를 위해서는 비의도적 유해물질에 대한 수거 검사 확대 실시를 통해 부정불량 제품의 유통을 차단하고, 곰팡이독소 오염도 조사결과를 바탕으로 기준규격 설정 검토 등의 품질관리체계 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee H.H., Seo J.M., Oh M.S., Gang I.S., Park J.J., Seo K.W., Ha D.R., Kim E.S.:A survey on harmful materials of commercial medical herb in Gwangju area. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 25, 83-90 (2010).
  2. Lee S.E., Lee J.H., Kim J.K., Kim G.S., Kim Y.O., Seo J.S., Choi J.H., Lee E.S., Noh H.J. Kim S.Y.:Anti-inflammatory acrivity of medicinal plant extracts. J. Medicinal Crop Sci., 19, 217-226 (2011). https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2011.19.4.217
  3. Korea Health Industry Development Institute: Health industry white paper 2014. hanhakmunwha, pp. 436-446 (2015).
  4. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs: Pre-planning study for the risk assessment of herbal medicines. pp. 18 (2014).
  5. Nielsen Company Korea: Survey method research on intake of chinese medicine by Korean. pp. 30 (2009).
  6. Kim S.D., Kim, A.K., Lee, H.K., Lee, S.R., Lee, H.J., Ryu, H.J., Lee, J.M., Yu, I.S., Jung, K.: A Monitoring of Aflatoxins in Commercial Herbs for Food and Medicine. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 32, 267-274 (2017). https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2017.32.4.267
  7. Song V.K.: Control system of herbal medicine in shared use for food and medicine purpose. The report of Korea Food & Drug Administration (2006).
  8. Lee S.D., Lee, Y.K., Kim, M.S., Park, S.K., Kim, Y.S. and Chae, Y.Z.: The content and risk assessment of heavy metals in herbal pills. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 27, 375-387 (2012). https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2012.27.4.375
  9. Jung S.J., Kang, S.T., Han, C.H., Kim, S.J., Ko, S.K., Kim, Y.H., et al.: Survey of heavy metal contents and intake rates after decoction in herbal medicines classified by parts. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 25, 402-409 (2010).
  10. Reilly C.: Metal contamination of food, Applied Science Publisher Ltd. London, England, pp. 119-122 (1980).
  11. Reilly C.: Metal contamination of food. 2nd edition, Elsevier Science Publisher Ltd. London, England, pp. 95-98 (1991).
  12. WHO (World Health Organization): Lead (Environmental Health Criteria., WHO, pp. 44-54 (1997).
  13. Yim O.K., Han, E.J., Chung, J.Y., Park, K.S., Kang, I.H., Kang, S.J., and Kim, Y.J.: The monitoring of some heavy metals in oriental herbal medicines and their intake rates. Analytical Science & Technology, 22, 128-135 (2009).
  14. Brase, S., Encinas, A., Keck, J., Nising, C.F.: Chemistry and biology of mycotoxins and related fungal metabolites. Chem. Rev., 109, 3903-3990 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050001f
  15. Diaz, D.: The Mycotoxin blue book, 27. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, (2005).
  16. I. A. R. C.: Monograph on the evalution of carcinogenic risk to Humans, 82, 171 (2002).
  17. Martins, M., Tins, H. I. and Bernardo, F.: Aflatoxin in spices in Portugal. Food Additives and Food Science. 1, 63-67 (2001).
  18. Reddy, S.V., Kiran, Mayi D., Uma, Reddy M., ThrumalaDevi, K. and Reedy, D.V.R.: Afaltoxin B1 in different grades of chillies (Capsicum annum L.) in India as determined by indirect comperirive-ELISA. Food Additives and Contamination, 18, 55-558 (2001).
  19. Oh K.S., Suh J.H., Sho Y.S., Park S.S., Choi W.J., Lee J.O., Kim Y., Woo G.J.: Exposure Assement of Total Aflatoxin in food. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 39, 25-28 (2007).
  20. Ali N., Hashim N.H., Saad D., Safan K., Nakajima M. and Yoshizawa T.: Evaluation of a method to determine the natural occurrence of aflatoxin in commercial traditional herbal medicines from Malaysia and Indonesia. Food Chem. Toxicol, 43, 1763-1772 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.05.019
  21. Lee M.K., Park J.S., Lim H.C., Na H.S.: Determination of heavy metal contents in Medicinal herb. Korean J. Food Preserv,. 15, 253-260 (2008).
  22. Cha Y.Y., Heo S.K., Kim D.G., Baik T.H., Seo H.S., Park H.S. et al.: Determination of heavy metals and residual pepsticides in oriental medical materials. Korean J. Oriental Physiology & Pathology, 21, 226-230 (2007).
  23. Park M.K., Kim S.Y., Hwang H.U.: A study on the heavy metal contents in herbal medicines - Cultivated herbal medicines at North Gyeongbuk area. J. Environ Sci., 13, 1117-1122 (2004).
  24. Kim D.K., Kim B.S., Han E.J., Han C.H., Kim O.H., Choi B.H., et al.: Distriburion of hazardous heavy metal in commercial herbal medicines classified by plant parts used in Seoul. Analytical Science & Technology, 22, 504-513 (2009).
  25. Park H.M., Choi K.H., Jung J.Y., Lee S.D.: Metal exposure through consumption of herbal medicine and estimation of health risk among Korea population. Korea J. Env. Hlth., 32, 186-191 (2006).
  26. Rizzo, I., Vedoya, G., Maurutto, S., Haidukowski, M. and Varsavsky, E. (2004), Assesment of toxigenic fungi on Argentinean medicinal herbs. Microbiol RES. 159, pp. 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2004.01.013
  27. Hell K., Gnonlonfin BGJ, Kodjogbe G., Lamboni Y. and Abdourhamane I.K. (2009), Mycoflora and occurrence of aflatoxin in dried vegetable in Benin, Mali and Togo, West Africa, International Journal of Food Microbiology. 135, pp. 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.07.039
  28. Chourasia, H.K., Mycobiota and mycotoxin in herbal drugs of Indian pharmaceutical industries, Mycol. Res. 99, 697-703 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80531-5