Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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On Utilization of Inactive Storage in Dam during Drought Period

가뭄 극복을 위한 댐의 비활용용량 활용 방안 연구

  • Joo, Hongjun (Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Deokhwan (Water Resources Systems Research Institute, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Jungwook (Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Bae, Younghye (Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Hung Soo (Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University)
  • 주홍준 (인하대학교 사회인프라공학과) ;
  • 김덕환 (인하대학교 수자원시스템연구소) ;
  • 김정욱 (인하대학교 사회인프라공학과) ;
  • 배영혜 (인하대학교 사회인프라공학과) ;
  • 김형수 (인하대학교 사회인프라공학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.07
  • Accepted : 2018.10.08
  • Published : 2018.11.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to suggest a structure plan for improving the utilization of inactive storage in the dam for overcoming the drought. Inactive storage in the dam is composed of the emergency storage and dead storage. The emergency storage can be used for the case of emergency such as drought. But, in general, the dead storage for sedimentation is not used even for the emergency. Therefore, this study considers the part of dead storage that the sedimentation is not progressed yet can be used during the severe drought period and is called "drought storage in a dam". The accurate Sediment Level(SL) analysis for the computation of the drought storage should be performed and so the present and future SL in the dam reservoir is estimated using SED-2D linked with RMA-2 model of SMS. After the consideration of additionally available storage capacity based on the estimated SL, the drought storage is finally determined. Present data based on historical data, future predicted future climate factors by Representative Concentrarion Pathways(RCP) 8.5 scenario. Then, using the TANK model, dam inflows were determined, and future period such as SL and drought storage were suggested. As the results, we have found that the available drought storage will be reduced in the future when we compare the present drought storage with the future one. This is due to a increase variability of climate change. Therefore, we should take the necessary study for the increase of available drought storage in the future.

본 연구에서는 가뭄 극복을 위하여 댐의 비활용용량 구간에 있는 저수량의 활용을 제고할 수 있는 구조적인 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 댐에서의 비활용용량(inactive storage)은 비상용량(emergency storage)과 사수용량(dead storage)으로 구성되어 있으며, 비상용량은 가뭄과 같은 비상시에 활용가능 하도록 하고 있지만 사수용량은 퇴사가 진행되는 구간으로 가정하여 일반적으로 정상적인 이용이 불가능한 용량으로 정해져 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 극심한 가뭄시에 비상용량과 더불어 사수용량 일부를 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하였으며, 비상용량과 퇴사위(Sediment Level, SL) 위의 사수용량을 추가적으로 활용할 수 있다고 가정하였고, 이 구간을 '댐의 갈수용량'이라고 새롭게 명명하였다. 갈수용량의 산정을 위해서는 정확한 퇴사위 분석이 선행되어야하므로, 본 연구에서는 SMS의 RMA-2 및 SED-2D 모형을 이용하여 현재와 미래의 댐 저수지의 퇴사위를 산정하였으며, 추가 이용 가능한 용량을 고려한 뒤 최종적으로 갈수용량을 산정하였다. RMA-2 및 SED-2D 모형 구축을 위해 현재는 과거 관측 자료를 이용하였으며, 미래는 대표농도경로(Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP) 8.5 시나리오에 의해 미래 기후 인자를 예측하고 TANK 모형을 이용하여 댐 유입량을 결정한 뒤 미래 기간별 퇴사위를 예측하였다. 현재와 미래의 퇴사위를 바탕으로 갈수용량을 제시한 결과, 활용할 수 있는 갈수용량은 현재에 비해 감소되었으며 특히, 미래 기간이 진행될수록 활용할 수 있는 양이 점진적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 이는, 기후 변화의 변동성이 증가하는 것에 기인하며, 미래에 활용할 수 있는 갈수용량의 증대를 위해 기후 적응 대책 및 퇴사량을 효율적으로 저감할 수 있는 연구가 추가로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Definition of water level, storage capacity distribution, and inactive storage in dam

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Fig. 2. Definition of drought storage in dam

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Fig. 3. Location map of Imha dam

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Fig. 4. Simulated SL in Imha dam reservoir by RMA-2 & SED-2D model (present)

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Fig. 5. Future climate change simulation by year ((a) Precipitation, (b) Evapotranspiration, (c) Dam inflow)

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Fig. 6. Simulated SL in Imha dam reservoir by RMA-2 & SED-2D model. (a) Period 1, (b) Period 2, (c) Period 3

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Fig. 7. Comparison of present and future drought storage in imha dam

Table 1. Total storage and inactive storage in multi-purpose dams, Korea

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Table 2. Comparison of inactive storage and drought storage

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Table 3. Climate statics by period

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Table 4. Calculation of present and future SL’s

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Table 5. Drought storage of imha dam (present)

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Table 6. Comparison of inactive storage and drought storage in imha dam (present)

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Table 7. Future drought storage of imha dam

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Table 8. Comparison of present and future drought storage in imha dam

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