Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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Pyruvate Protects Giardia Trophozoites from Cysteine-Ascorbate Deprived Medium Induced Cytotoxicity

  • Raj, Dibyendu (Vivekananda College) ;
  • Chowdhury, Punam (Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) ;
  • Sarkar, Rituparna (Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) ;
  • Saito-Nakano, Yumiko (Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases) ;
  • Okamoto, Keinosuke (Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India) ;
  • Dutta, Shanta (Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) ;
  • Nozaki, Tomoyoshi (Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo) ;
  • Ganguly, Sandipan (Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases)
  • Received : 2017.05.08
  • Accepted : 2017.10.27
  • Published : 2018.02.28
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Abstract

Giardia lamblia, an anaerobic, amitochondriate protozoan parasite causes parasitic infection giardiasis in children and young adults. It produces pyruvate, a major metabolic product for its fermentative metabolism. The current study was undertaken to explore the effects of pyruvate as a physiological antioxidant during oxidative stress in Giardia by cysteine-ascorbate deprivation and further investigation upon the hypothesis that oxidative stress due to metabolism was the reason behind the cytotoxicity. We have estimated intracellular reactive oxygen species generation due to cysteine-ascorbate deprivation in Giardia. In the present study, we have examined the effects of extracellular addition of pyruvate, during oxidative stress generated from cysteine-ascorbate deprivation in culture media on DNA damage in Giardia. The intracellular pyruvate concentrations at several time points were measured in the trophozoites during stress. Trophozoites viability under cysteine-ascorbate deprived (CAD) medium in presence and absence of extracellular pyruvate has also been measured. The exogenous addition of a physiologically relevant concentration of pyruvate to trophozoites suspension was shown to attenuate the rate of ROS generation. We have demonstrated that Giardia protects itself from destructive consequences of ROS by maintaining the intracellular pyruvate concentration. Pyruvate recovers Giardia trophozoites from oxidative stress by decreasing the number of DNA breaks that might favor DNA repair.

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