Fig. 1. Dimension details of the proposed UWB fractal-based monopole antenna where R0 - radius of thezeroth iteration (9.2 mm), R1 - radius of the firstiteration (6.8 mm) and R2 - radius of the seconditeration (5.03 mm). All dimensions are in mm
Fig. 2. Evolution of the proposed fractal based monopoleantenna and the corresponding reflection charac-teristics
Fig. 3. Iteration Factor (IF=R0/R1=R1/R2=....= Rn/Rn+1)evolution of the proposed fractal based monopoleantenna.(a) IF = 1.2, (b) IF = 1.25, (c) IF = 1.3 and(d) IF = 1.35
Fig. 4. Iteration order Evolution of the proposed fractalbased monopole antenna: (a) Zeroth iteration, (b)First iteration and (c) Second iteration
Fig. 5. Magnitude plot of surface current distribution at (a)3.5 GHz (b) 7.5 GHz (c) 10.5 GHz
Fig. 6. Simulated and measured reflection coefficientcharacteristics of the proposed antenna.
Fig. 7. Photograph of the fabricated prototype under flatand bent conditions (a) Front view (b) Rear view (c)X- bent, and (d) Y- bent
Fig. 8. Measured reflection coefficient characteristics ofthe prototype under flat and bent conditions
Fig. 9. Measured radiation pattern of the proposed antennaalong E-plane (yz-plane) and H-plane (xz-plane) at3.5 GHz, 7.5 GHz and 10.5 GHz
Fig. 10. Gain and efficiency of the proposed papersubstrate antenna
Fig. 11. Group delay of the proposed antenna (face- faceorientation and side-side orientation)
Table 1. Performance comparison of the proposed antenna with the other flexible UWB antennas reported in literature
참고문헌
- Alipour, A., Hassani, H.R., "A Novel Omni-Directional UWB Monopole Antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 3854, 3857, Dec. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2008.2007398
- Sandeep K. Palaniswamy, Kanagasabai Malathi and Arun K. Shrivastav, "Palm tree structured wide band monopole antenna" International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1077- 1084, Nov. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1759078715000434
- A. Azari and J. Rowhani, "Ultra wideband fractal microstrip antenna design," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 2, pp. 7-12, 2008. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC08031005
- B. Biswas, R. Ghatak, A. Karmakar, and D. R. Poddar, "Dual band notched UWB monopole antenna using embedded omega slot and fractal shaped ground plane," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 53, pp. 177-186, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC14070701
- Mohammad A. Dorostkar1, Mohammad T. Islam, and Rezaul Azim," Design of a novel super wide band circular-hexagonal fractal antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 139, pp. 229-245, 2013. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER13030505
- Lui, W.J., Cheng, C.H., Cheng, Y., Zhu, H., "Frequency notched ultra-wideband microstrip slot antenna with fractal tuning stub," Electronics Letters, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 294, 296, Mar. 2005.
- Lui, W.J., Cheng, C.H., Zhu, H.B., "Compact frequency notched ultra-wideband fractal printed slot antenna," Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 224-226, Apr. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2006.872102
- Oraizi, H., Hedayati, S., "Miniaturized UWB Monopole Microstrip Antenna Design by the Combination of GiusepePeano and Sierpinski Carpet Fractals," Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, vol. 10, pp.67-70, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2011.2109030
- Pourahmadazar, J., Ghobadi, C., Nourinia, J., "Novel Modified Pythagorean Tree Fractal Monopole Antennas for UWB Applications," Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, vol. 10, pp. 484, 487, 2011.
- Raj Kumar, Dhananjay Magar, K. Kailas Sawant, "On the design of inscribed triangle circular fractal antenna for UWB applications," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 66, no.1, pp. 68-75, Jan. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2011.05.003
- M.A. Matin, B.S. Sharif, C.C. Tsimenidis, "Microstrip patch antenna with matching slots for UWB communications," AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 132-134, Feb. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2006.02.009
- Mohammad Alibakhshi-Kenari, Mohammad Naser- Moghadasi, R.A. Sadeghzadeh, Bal S. Virdee, Ernesto Limiti, "Bandwidth extension of planar antennas using embedded slits for reliable multiband RF communications, AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications," vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 910-919, Jul. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2016.04.003
- Anil K. Gautam, Aditi Bisht, Binod Kr Kanaujia, "A wideband antenna with defected ground plane for WLAN/WiMAX applications," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 354-358, Mar. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2015.12.013
- Kaushik Mandal, Partha Pratim Sarkar, "A compact low profile wideband U-shape antenna with slotted circular ground plane," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 336-340, Mar. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2015.12.011
- Ajay Yadav, Dinesh Sethi, R.K. Khanna, "Slot loaded UWB antenna: Dual band notched characteristics," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Com-munications, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 331-355, Mar. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2015.12.014
- Oli, T., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, N., "On the design of elliptical shape fractal antenna for UWB applications," Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC), 2013 IEEE, pp. 1-2, Dec. 2013.
- Maza, A.R., Cook, B., Jabbour, G., Shamim, A., "Paper-based inkjet-printed ultra-wideband fractal antennas," Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, IET, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1366-1373, Sep. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2012.0243
- Shaker, G., Safavi-Naeini, Safieddin; Sangary, N., Tentzeris, M.M., "Inkjet Printing of Ultrawideband (UWB) Antennas on Paper-Based Substrates," in Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, vol. 10, pp. 111-114, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2011.2106754
- M. A. R. Osman, M. K. Abd Rahim, M. Azfar Abdullah, N. A. Samsuri, F. Zubir, and K. Kamardin, "Design, implementation and performance of ultrawideband textile antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 27, pp. 307-325, 2011. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB10102005
- Khaleel, H.R., Al-Rizzo, H.M., Rucker, D.G., Mohan, S., "A Compact Polyimide-Based UWB Antenna for Flexible Electronics," in Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, vol. 11, pp. 564-567, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2012.2199956
- M. K. Khattak, and S. Kahng "Design of a UHF Wideband Antenna with a Compact Notch Filter," IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation, vol. 10, no. 15, pp. 1625-1632, December 2016. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2015.0780
- Alsath, M.G.N., Kanagasabai, Malathi; "Compact UWB Monopole Antenna for Automotive Communications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 4204-4208, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2015.2447006
- Pakkathillam, J.K., Kanagasabai, Malathi; Varadhan, C., Sakthivel, P., "A Novel Fractal Antenna for UHF Near-Field RFID Readers," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 12, pp. 1141-1144, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2013.2281069