Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education (한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육)

The Korean Elementary Science Education Society (한국초등과학교육학회)
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Scientific Reasoning Types and Levels in Science Writings of Elementary School Students

초등학생들의 과학 글쓰기에 나타난 과학적 추론의 유형과 수준

  • Received : 2018.09.20
  • Accepted : 2018.11.26
  • Published : 2018.11.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to know the scientific reasoning ability of elementary students. In order to find it, 320 elementary students wrote a report about germination of the 700 or 2,000 years old seeds. Their writings were analyzed by scientific writing analysis frameworks, Scientific Reasoning Types and Scientific Reasoning Level Criteria developed by Lim (2018). Minto Pyramid Principles was used to show statements and relations of statements related to scientific reasoning. This paper showed scientific reasoning statements of elementary students about germination of seeds. The characteristics of scientific reasoning of elementary students were as follows. In the process of logical writing by the types of scientific reasoning, many students showed various characteristics and different levels. In the writings based on inductive reasoning, they did not distinguish between common features and differences of cases, and did not derive the rules based on common features and differences of the cases. In the writings based on deductive reasoning, there were cases where the major premise corresponding to the principle or rule was omitted and only the phenomenon was described, or the rule was presented but not connected with the case. In the writings based on abductive reasoning, the ability to selectively use the background knowledge related to the question situation was not sufficient, and borrowing of similar background knowledge, which was commonly used in other situations, was very rare.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Level 5 of inductive reasoning.

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Fig. 2. Level 4 of inductive reasoning.

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Fig. 3. Level 3 of inductive reasoning.

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Fig. 4. Level 2 of inductive reasoning.

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Fig. 5. Level 1 of inductive reasoning.

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Fig. 6. Level 5 of deductive reasoning.

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Fig. 7. Level 4 of deductive reasoning.

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Fig. 8. Level 3 of deductive reasoning.

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Fig. 9. Level 2 of deductive reasoning.

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Fig. 10. Level 1 of deductive reasoning.

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Fig. 11. Level 5 of abductive reasoning.

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Fig. 12. Level 4 of abductive reasoning.

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Fig. 13. Level 3 of abductive reasoning.

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Fig. 14. Level 2 of abductive reasoning.

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Fig. 15. Level 1 of abductive reasoning.

Table 1. Criteria of inductive reasoning levels

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Table 2. Criteria of deductive reasoning levels

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Table 3. Criteria of abductive reasoning levels

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Table 4. Frequencies of scientific reasoning types and levels

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