Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology

The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology (대한임상신경생리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Can pursuit eye movements reflect the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs?

  • Kim, Si Eun (Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Kang Min (Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2016.08.10
  • Accepted : 2016.11.23
  • Published : 2017.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: We evaluated whether eye movements could reflect the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy. Methods: Thirty patients with epilepsy of unknown cause as well as age- and sex-matched normal controls were enrolled in this study. We divided the patients into drug-controlled epilepsy (n = 22) and drug-resistant epilepsy (n = 8) groups according to their seizure controls. We analyzed the differences in the parameters of the eye movements in these two groups compared with normal controls using video-based electro-oculography. In addition, we investigated the differences in the cerebellar volumes of these two groups using whole-brain T1-weighted images. Results: The latency and accuracy of saccade in patients with epilepsy were significantly different from normal controls, but they were not different between patients with drug-controlled epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy. However, the gain of pursuit was significantly decreased in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy compared with normal controls (p = 0.0010), whereas it was not different between patients with drug-controlled epilepsy and normal controls (p = 0.9646). In addition, the patients with drug-resistant epilepsy had lower cerebellar volumes than normal controls (p = 0.0052), whereas the cerebellar volumes in patients with drug-controlled epilepsy were not different from normal controls (p = 0.5050). Conclusions: We demonstrated that pursuit eye movements could reflect the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy, a finding that may be related to cerebellar dysfunction.

Keywords

References

  1. Ngugi AK, Kariuki SM, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, Sander JW, Newton CR. Incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2011;77:1005-1012. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822cfc90
  2. Rossetti AO, Villemure JG, Seeck M, Prilipko O, Despland PA, Jallon P. Current epilepsy treatment in adults. Rev Med Suisse 2005;1:1220, 1222, 1224-1226.
  3. Brodie MJ, Barry SJ, Bamagous GA, Norrie JD, Kwan P. Patterns of treatment response in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Neurology 2012;78:1548-1554. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182563b19
  4. Considerations on designing clinical trials to evaluate the place of new antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of newly diagnosed and chronic patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1998;39:799-803. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01167.x
  5. Glauser T, Ben-Menachem E, Bourgeois B, Cnaan A, Chadwick D, Guerreiro C, et al. ILAE treatment guidelines: evidence-based analysis of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsia 2006;47:1094-1120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00585.x
  6. Glauser T, Ben-Menachem E, Bourgeois B, Cnaan A, Guerreiro C, Kalviainen R, et al. Updated ILAE evidence review of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsia 2013;54:551-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12074
  7. Siddiqui A, Kerb R, Weale ME, Brinkmann U, Smith A, Goldstein DB, et al. Association of multidrug resistance in epilepsy with a polymorphism in the drug-transporter gene ABCB1. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1442-1448. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021986
  8. Kwan P, Poon WS, Ng HK, Kang DE, Wong V, Ng PW, et al. Multidrug resistance in epilepsy and polymorphisms in the voltage-gated sodium channel genes SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN3A: correlation among phenotype, genotype, and mRNA expression. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008;18:989-998. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0b013e3283117d67
  9. Amstutz U, Shear NH, Rieder MJ, Hwang S, Fung V, Nakamura H, et al. Recommendations for HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-A*31:01 genetic testing to reduce the risk of carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Epilepsia 2014;55:496-506. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12564
  10. Park KM, Shin KJ, Ha SY, Park J, Kim SE, Kim HC, et al. Can the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs be detected in saccadic eye movements? Seizure 2015;25:33-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2014.12.003
  11. Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, Buchhalter J, Cross JH, van Emde Boas W, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia 2010;51:676-685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x
  12. Kwan P, Arzimanoglou A, Berg AT, Brodie MJ, Allen Hauser W, Mathern G, et al. Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia 2010;51:1069-1077.
  13. Deckers CL, Hekster YA, Keyser A, Meinardi H, Renier WO. Reappraisal of polytherapy in epilepsy: a critical review of drug load and adverse effects. Epilepsia 1997;38:570-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01142.x
  14. Leigh RJ, Zee DS. The neurology of eye movements. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015;199.
  15. Fischl B, Salat DH, Busa E, Albert M, Dieterich M, Haselgrove C, et al. Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron 2002;33:341-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00569-X
  16. Fischl B, van der Kouwe A, Destrieux C, Halgren E, Segonne F, Salat DH, et al. Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 2004;14:11-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhg087
  17. Krauzlis RJ. The control of voluntary eye movements: new perspectives. Neuroscientist 2005;11:124-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858404271196
  18. Krauzlis RJ. Recasting the smooth pursuit eye movement system. J Neurophysiol 2004;91:591-603. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00801.2003
  19. Suzuki DA, Yamada T, Hoedema R, Yee RD. Smooth-pursuit eye-movement deficits with chemical lesions in macaque nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. J Neurophysiol 1999;82:1178-1186. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.3.1178
  20. Ono S. The neuronal basis of on-line visual control in smooth pursuit eye movements. Vision Res 2015;110(Pt B):257-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2014.06.008
  21. Baier B, Stoeter P, Dieterich M. Anatomical correlates of ocular motor deficits in cerebellar lesions. Brain 2009;132(Pt 8):2114-2124. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp165
  22. Zee DS, Yamazaki A, Butler PH, Gucer G. Effects of ablation of flocculus and paraflocculus of eye movements in primate. J Neurophysiol 1981;46:878-899. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.4.878
  23. Brodal A. Cerebrocerebellar pathways. Anatomical data and some functional implications. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1972;51:153-195.
  24. Takayama C. GABAergic signaling in the developing cerebellum. Int Rev Neurobiol 2005;71:63-94.
  25. Davis R, Emmonds SE. Cerebellar stimulation for seizure control: 17-year study. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1992;58:200-208. https://doi.org/10.1159/000098996
  26. Specht U, May T, Schulz R, Rohde M, Ebner A, Schmidt RC, et al. Cerebellar atrophy and prognosis after temporal lobe resection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;62:501-506. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.62.5.501
  27. Hagemann G, Lemieux L, Free SL, Krakow K, Everitt AD, Kendall BE, et al. Cerebellar volumes in newly diagnosed and chronic epilepsy. J Neurol 2002;249:1651-1658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-002-0843-9
  28. Masur H, Elger CE, Ludolph AC, Galanski M. Cerebellar atrophy following acute intoxication with phenytoin. Neurology 1989;39:432-433. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.39.3.432
  29. Luef G, Burtscher J, Kremser C, Birbamer G, Aichner F, Bauer G, et al. Magnetic resonance volumetry of the cerebellum in epileptic patients after phenytoin overdosages. Eur Neurol 1996;36:273-277. https://doi.org/10.1159/000117271