KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analyzing Community CPTED Perception of Local Residents in the School Areas

학교 주변 커뮤니티 CPTED에 관한 지역 주민의 인식 연구

  • 고은비 (부산대학교 도시공학과) ;
  • 이재송 (부산대학교 도시문제연구소) ;
  • 정승윤 (부산대학교 법학과) ;
  • 최열 (부산대학교 도시공학과)
  • Received : 2017.07.18
  • Accepted : 2017.08.16
  • Published : 2017.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In recent days, school violence has been rising as a significant social problem. The occurrence of school violence can be fueled by a wide range of social and environmental contexts, thus it is very difficult to come up with the ultimate solution. Community CPTED program is one of the more comprehensive set of efforts that has been developed to prevent crime in general, and the primary focus of the study is to investigate suitable components of CPTED to prevent school violence based on the physical conditions of communities as well as the perception of residents outside of school grounds, in the vicinity of schools. Three sets of analyses in series were employed in the research. First, Ward's minimum-variance cluster analysis was used to classify the places where school violence can occur outside of school grounds based on the physical conditions recognized by local residents. Next, Importance-Performance Analysis was performed to analyze the perception of local residents about the importance and the effectiveness of CPTED components in preventing school violence. Subsequently, Ordered Logit Model was used to analyze the local residents' awareness on safety regarding school violence in their community space. Combining the results of the analyses, the priority of the community CPTED applications to prevent school violence outside of school was derived. Reflecting the local residents' perception on safety of students in their community, the sense of security in communities against school violence can be reinforced by the communities' sensible efforts in creating safer environment for their students.

본 연구는 중요한 사회적 문제로 주목받고 있는 학교폭력을 예방하고 감소시키기 위해 범죄예방환경설계에 대한 지역 주민의 인식을 분석하여 적절한 커뮤니티 CPTED 적용 방안을 찾아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 먼저, 학교 외부의 학교 폭력 발생 가능 장소를 유형화하기 위하여 계층적 군집분석을 사용하고 지역 주민의 인식을 지도화했다. 다음으로 학교폭력 예방에 대한 커뮤니티 CPTED 적용의 중요성과 그것을 적용했을 때의 효과성에 대한 지역 주민의 인식을 분석하기 위하여 IPA를 사용하였다. 그리고 학교폭력으로부터 학교 외부가 안전하다고 생각하는지에 대한 지역 주민들의 인식을 분석하기 위하여 순서형로짓모형을 이용한 실증분석을 하였다. 세 분석의 결과를 통합하여 학교 외부 공간에서 학교폭력 예방을 위한 커뮤니티 CPTED 적용의 우선순위를 도출할 수 있었다. 학교폭력을 학교 주변에서 효과적으로 근절시키기 위한 커뮤니티 CPTED 적용에 있어서 지역주민의 인식을 반영한다면, 속해 있는 커뮤니티가 학생들에게 안전한 환경을 제공한다는 것으로부터의 커뮤니티 구성원의 만족도가 증가할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abalo, J., Varela, J. and Manzano, V. (2007). "Importance values for importance-performance analysis: A formula for spreading out values derived from preference rankings." Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.10.009
  2. Act on the Prevention of and Countermeasures Against Violence in Schools, National law information center, Republic of Korea, Available at: http://www.law.go.kr/ (in Korean).
  3. Agresti, A. (1996). An introduction to categorical data analysis, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
  4. Borooah, V. K. (2002). Logit and probit: Ordered and multinomial models, Sage University Papers Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Science, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  5. Brantingham, P. L. and Brantingham, P. J. (1993). "Nodes, paths and edges: Considerations on the complexity of crime and the physical environment." Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 3-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80212-9
  6. Choi, Y. and Kim, S. S. (2014). "Analyzing the appropriateness of deposit and monthly rent in urban-life housing." Journal of Korea Planning Association, Korea Planning Association, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 111-122 (in Korean).
  7. Choi, Y., Shin, J. H. and Park, W. J. (2012). "Analysis of distribution and highly density area pattern of one-person household : Pusan metropolitan's case." Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 32, No. 6D, pp. 655-662 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2012.32.6D.655
  8. CPTED Danville Handbook, United State, Available at:http://www.danville.ca.gov/Services/Police-Services/Crime-Prevention/.
  9. CPTED Research Information Center, Republic of Korea, Available at: http://www.cpted.kr/.
  10. Hwang, E. G. (2009). "The difference of the level and the factors of fear of crime between urban and rural residents." Korean Journal of Criminology, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 295-323 (in Korean).
  11. Jencks, C. and Mayer, S. E. (1990). "The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood." Inner-City Poverty in the United States, Lynn, L. and McGeary, M., National Academy Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 111-185.
  12. JoongAng Ilbo (2016). Increase in juvenile violence outside the school fence, Available at: http://news.joins.com/article/20600689 (in Korean).
  13. Kim, S. S., Choi, Y. and Lee, G. E. (2015). "Evaluation of residential environment cognition on urban-type housing by space types-focused on urban-type housing in busan-." Korea Real Estate Academy Review, Korea Real Estate Academy, Vol. 63, pp. 104-118 (in Korean).
  14. Kirk, B. Y. (2013). A study on environmental design for crime prevention for elementary schools and neighboring areas : focusing on the types of residential areas, Master's thesis, Dept. of Interior Architecture & Built Environment, Yonsei University (in Korean).
  15. Kuenstle, M. W. (2003). Florida safe school design guidelines, Florida Department of Education, Florida.
  16. Kumar, R., O'Malley, P. M. and Johnston, L. D. (2008). "Association between physical environment of secondary schools and student problem behavior a national study, 2000-2003." Environment and Behavior, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 455-486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506293987
  17. Lee, H. B., Leem, Y. T., Choi, B. M. and Kim, N. S. (2012). "Application of CPTED principles for school facilities : With simulations from field survey in Noen new-town, Daejeon Korea." Journal Of The Korea Contents Association, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 424-437 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2012.12.06.424
  18. Martilla, J. and James, J. (1977). "Importance-performance analysis." Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 77-79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1250495
  19. McCullagh, P. (1980). "Regression models for ordinal data." Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series B, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 109-142.
  20. Ministry of Education (2016). Second survey of school violence in 2016 (in Korean).
  21. Ministry of Eduction (2016). The results of 2nd school violence survey, Press release (in Korean).
  22. City of Virginia Beach Municipal Center (2000). Crime prevention through environmental design-general guidelines for designing safer communities.
  23. Sakip, S. R. M. and Abdullah, A. (2012). "An evaluation of crime prevention through environmental design measures in a gated residential area- a pilot survey." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 11-24.
  24. Sasidharan, L. and Menendez, M. (2014). "Partial proportional odds model—an alternate choice for analyzing pedestrian crash injury severities." Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 72, pp. 330-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.07.025
  25. Shin, M. G. (2012). A study on the improvement of school environment with CPTED theory, Master's thesis, Graduate School of Housing, Seoul National University of Science And Technology (in Korean).