Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis

외국인 직접투자와 경제성장에 대한 다국가 분석

  • 정동원 (해랑기술정책연구소) ;
  • 정경호 (아주대학교 도시개발학과)
  • Received : 2017.09.06
  • Accepted : 2017.10.13
  • Published : 2017.10.31
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Abstract

Although many policy makers and scholars argue that foreign direct investment is crucial to the economic growth of developing countries, there is no universal agreement on the positive relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and economic growth. Using a cross-country analysis based on data from 88 countries for the years 1990-2015, this paper empirically explores the impact of FDI on economic growth. To this end, several versions of the neoclassical growth models, explicitly including FDI, are estimated. Subject to the appropriate caveats, the results provide further support for several key conclusions of former studies, including the inference that investment in physical capital, population growth, and human capital are important in accounting for economic growth across countries. The results show that FDI significantly contributes to economic growth in developing countries.

외국인 직접투자가 개발도상국가들의 경제성장에 매우 중요하다고 많은 정책입안자들과 학자들이 주장하고 있음에도 불구하고 외국인 직접투자 유입과 경제 성장 간의 긍정적인 관계에 대해서는 보편적인 합의가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 많은 개발도상국들이 자국의 경제성장을 위하여 적극적으로 외국인 직접투자를 유치하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 1995년부터 2009년까지의 88개 개발도상국가들의 자료를 활용하여 외국인 직접투자와 경제성장 간의 관계를 실증분석 한다. 분석에 사용된 국가들은 소득수준이 높은 선진국, 석유 생산국가 그리고 가용 가능한 자료가 부족한 국가들을 제외하였다. 분석에 적용된 모형은 솔로우 모형으로 본 모형은 외국인 직접투자뿐만 아니라 실물자본, 인구증가, 인적자본을 동시에 고려하였다. 분석 결과, 외국인직접투자는 개발도상국의 경제성장에 긍정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 실물자본, 인적자본 모두 개발도상국가들의 경제에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 개발도상국들은 외국인 직접투자를 통해 효율적으로 경제성장을 위하여 도로, 철도, 전력, 병원과 같은 사회간접자본에 대한 투자와 인적자본에 대한 투자가 필요한 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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