Carbon letters

  • Volume 24
  • /
  • Pages.36-40
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1976-4251(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2233-4998(eISSN)
Korean Carbon Society (한국탄소학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Improvement of gas sensing properties of carbon nanofibers based on polyacrylonitrile and pitch by steam activation

  • Kim, Jeongsik (Department of Industrial Chemistry, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyung-Il (Department of Industrial Chemistry, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Yun, Jumi (Hanwha Chemical Research and Development Center)
  • Received : 2017.02.02
  • Accepted : 2017.06.06
  • Published : 2017.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Polyacrylonitrile/pitch nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning as a precursor for a gas sensor material. Pitch nanofibers were properly fabricated by incorporating polyacrylonitrile as an electrospinning supplement component. Polyacrylonitrile/pitch nanofibers were activated with steam at various temperatures followed by subsequent carbonization to make carbon nanofibers with a highly conductive graphitic structure. Steam activation was effective in facilitating gas adsorption onto the carbon nanofibers due to the increased surface area. The carbon nanofibers activated at $800^{\circ}C$ had a larger surface area and a lower micro pore fraction resulting in a higher variation in electrical resistance for improved CO gas sensing properties.

Keywords

References

  1. Son MW, Choi JB, Hwang HI, Yoo KS. Fabrication and characteristics of $NO_x$ gas sensors using $WO_3$ and $In_2O_3$ thick films to monitor air pollution. J Sens Sci Technol, 18, 263 (2009). https://doi.org/10.5369/JSST.2009.18.4.263.
  2. Kim MJ, Lee YJ, An HJ, Lee SH. Fabrication and evaluation of the $SnO_2$ based gas sensor for CO and $NO_x$ detection. Trans Korean Soc Automot Eng, 23, 515 (2015). https://doi.org/10.7467/KSAE.2015.23.5.515.
  3. Im JS, Kang SC, Lee SH, Lee YS. Improved gas sensing of electrospun carbon fibers based on pore structure, conductivity and surface modification. Carbon, 48, 2573 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.03.045.
  4. Zeng J, Hu M, Wang W, Chen H, Qin Y. $NO_2$-sensing properties of porous $WO_3$ gas sensor based on anodized sputtered tungsten thin film. Sens Actuators B Chem, 161, 447 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.10.059.
  5. Kadir RA, Li Z, Sadek AZ, Rani RA, Zoolfakar AS, Field MR, Ou JZ, Chrimes AF, Kalantar-zadeh K. Electrospun granular hollow $SnO_2$ nanofibers hydrogen gas sensors operating at low temperatures. J Phys Chem C, 118, 3129 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp411552z.
  6. Durrer L, Helbling T, Zenger C, Jungen A, Stampfer C, Hierold C. SWNT growth by CVD on Ferritin-based iron catalyst nanoparticles towards CNT sensors. Sens Actuators B Chem, 132, 485 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2007.11.007.
  7. Sharma HJ, Sonwane ND, Kondawar SB. Electrospun $SnO_2$/polyaniline composite nanofibers based low temperature hydrogen gas sensor. Fiber and Polym, 16, 1527 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-015-5222-0
  8. Sayago I, Santos H, Horrillo MC, Aleixandre M, Fernadez MJ, Terrado E, Tacchini I, Aroz R, Maser WK, Benito AM, Martinez MT, Gutierrez J, Munoz E. Carbon nanotube networks as gas sensors for $NO_2$ detection. Talanta, 77, 758 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.07.025.
  9. Lee JH. Gas sensors using hierarchical and hollow oxide nanostructures: overview. Sens Actuators B Chem, 140, 319 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.026.
  10. Machado FM, Fagan SB, da Silva IZ, de Andrade MJ. Carbon Nanoadsorbents. In: Bergmann CP, Machado FM, eds. Carbon Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Environmental and Biological Applications, Springer, New York, 11 (2015).
  11. Varghese SS, Varghese SH, Swaminathan S, Singh KK, Mittal V. Two-dimensional materials for sensing: graphene and beyond. Electronics, 4, 651 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4030651.
  12. Lozano-Castello D, Lillo-Rodenas MA, Cazorla-Amoros D, Linares-Solano A. Preparation of activated carbons from Spanish anthracite: I. activation by KOH. Carbon, 39, 741 (2001). https://doi. org/10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00185-8.
  13. Hui TS, Zaini MAA. Potassium hydroxide activation of activated carbon: a commentary. Carbon Lett, 16, 275 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2015.16.4.275.
  14. Macia-Agullo JA, Moore BC, Cazorla-Amoros D, Linares-Solano A. Activation of coal tar pitch carbon fibres: physical activation vs. chemical activation. Carbon, 42, 1367 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.013.
  15. Choi YO, Yang KS. Preparation of carbon fiber from heavy oil residue through bromination. Fibers Polym, 2, 178 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02875342
  16. Park SH, Kim C, Yang KS. Preparation of carbonized fiber web from electrospinning of isotropic pitch. Synth Met, 143, 175 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.11.006.
  17. Cooper DR, D’Anjou B, Ghattamaneni N, Harack B, Hilke M, Horth A, Majlis N, Massicotte M, Vandsburger L, Whiteway E, Yu V. Experimental review of graphene. ISRN Condens Matter Phys, 2012, 501686 (2012). https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/501686.
  18. Saha B, Schatz GC. Carbonization in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fibers studied by ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. J Phys Chem B, 116, 4684 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp300581b.
  19. Liobet E. Gas sensors using carbon nanomaterials: a review. Sens Actuators B Chem, 179, 32, (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.014.