Perspectives in Nursing Science

  • 제14권2호
  • /
  • Pages.64-69
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 2288-2898(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-7687(eISSN)
서울대학교 간호과학연구소 (The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul National University)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

의식적 호흡이 자율신경과 뇌파에 영향을 미치는 기전에 관하여

The Relationship and Mechanism Underlying the Effect of Conscious Breathing on the Autonomic Nervous System and Brain Waves

  • 강승완 (서울대학교 간호대학.간호과학연구소)
  • Kang, Seung Wan (College of Nursing.Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2017.09.27
  • 심사 : 2017.10.20
  • 발행 : 2017.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Purpose: Breathing can be controlled either unconsciously or consciously. In Asian countries, various conscious breathing-control techniques have been practiced for many years to promote health and wellbeing. However, the exact mechanism underlying these techniques has not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to explore the physiological mechanism explaining how conscious breathing control could affect the autonomic nervous system, brain activity, and mental changes. Methods: The coupling phenomenon among breathing rhythm, heart rate variability, and brain waves was explored theoretically based on the research hypothesis and a review of the literature. Results: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a well-known phenomenon in which heart rate changes to become synchronized with breathing: inhalation increases heart rate and exhalation decreases it. HRV BFB training depends on conscious breathing control. During coherent sinusoidal heart rate changes, brain ${\alpha}$ waves could be enhanced. An increase in ${\alpha}$ waves was also found and the synchronicity between heart beat rhythm and brain wave became strengthened during meditation. Conclusion: In addition to the effect of emotion on breathing patterns, conscious breathing could change heart beat rhythms and brainwaves, and subsequently affect emotional status.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Kabat-Zinn J. An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1982;4(1):33-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3
  2. Miller JJ, Fletcher K, Kabat-Zinn J. Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1995;17(3):192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(95)00025-M
  3. Marlatt GA, Kristeller JL. Mindfulness and meditation. In Miller WR, editor. Integrating spirituality into treatment: Resources for practitioners. reprinted. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 1999. p. 67-84.
  4. Murphy M, Donovan S, Taylor E. The physical and psychological effects of meditation: a review of contemporary research. Published by the Institute of Noetic Sciences. 1997.
  5. Hilton L, Hempel S, Ewing BA, Apaydin E, Xenakis L, Newberry S, et al. Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med. 2017;51(2):199-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9844-2
  6. Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, Rosenkranz M, Muller D, Santorelli SF, et al. Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(4):564-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000077505.67574.E3
  7. Colzato LS, Ozturk A, Hommel B. Meditate to create: the impact of focused-attention and open-monitoring training on convergent and divergent thinking. Front Psychol. 2012;3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00116
  8. Brown RP, Gerbarg PL. Yoga breathing, meditation, and longevity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1172(1):54-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04394.x
  9. Nolan RP, Kamath MV, Floras JS, Stanley J, Pang C, Picton P, et al. Heart rate variability biofeedback as a behavioral neurocardiac intervention to enhance vagal heart rate control. Am Heart J. 2005;149(6):1137.e1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.03.015
  10. Lehrer PM, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B. Resonant frequency biofeedback training to increase cardiac variability: Rationale and manual for training. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2000;25(3):177-91. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009554825745
  11. Baron Short E, Kose S, Mu Q, Borckardt J, Newberg A, George MS, et al. Regional brain activation during meditation shows time and practice effects: an exploratory FMRI study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010;7(1):121-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem163
  12. Kakigi R, Nakata H, Inui K, Hiroe N, Nagata O, Honda M, et al. Intracerebral pain processing in a yoga master who claims not to feel pain during meditation. Eur J Pain. 2005;9(5):581-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.12.006
  13. Kerr CE, Jones SR, Wan Q, Pritchett DL, Wasserman RH, Wexler A, et al. Effects of mindfulness meditation training on anticipatory alpha modulation in primary somatosensory cortex. Brain Res Bull. 2011;85(3):96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.03.026
  14. Huang HY, Lo PC. EEG dynamics of experienced Zen meditation practitioners probed by complexity index and spectral measure. J Med Eng Technol. 2009;33(4):314-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/03091900802602677
  15. Cahn BR, Polich J. Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies. Psychol Bull. 2006;132(2):180-211. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.180
  16. Smith JC, Ellenberger HH, Ballanyi K, Richter DW, Feldman JL. Pre-Botzinger complex: a brainstem region that may generate respiratory rhythm in mammals. Science(New York, NY). 1991;254(5032):726-9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1683005
  17. Bonham A. Neurotransmitters in the CNS control of breathing. Respir Physiol. 1995;101(3):219-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(95)00045-F
  18. Hayano J, Yasuma F, Okada A, Mukai S, Fujinami T. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Circulation. 1996;94(4):842-7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.4.842
  19. Telles S, Nagarathna R, Nagendra H. Autonomic changes during" OM" meditation. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995;39:418-20.
  20. Sudsuang R, Chentanez V, Veluvan K. Effect of Buddhist meditation on serum cortisol and total protein levels, blood pressure, pulse rate, lung volume and reaction time. Physiol Behav. 1991;50(3):543-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(91)90543-W
  21. Takahashi T, Murata T, Hamada T, Omori M, Kosaka H, Kikuchi M, et al. Changes in EEG and autonomic nervous activity during meditation and their association with personality traits. Int J Psychophysiol. 2005;55(2):199-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.07.004
  22. Kim DK, Rhee JH, Kang SW. Reorganization of the brain and heart rhythm during autogenic meditation. Front Integr Neurosci. 2013;7:109. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fnint.2013.00109
  23. Valenza G, Greco A, Gentili C, Lanata A, Sebastiani L, Menicucci D, et al. Combining electroencephalographic activity and instantaneous heart rate for assessing brain-heart dynamics during visual emotional elicitation in healthy subjects. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2016;374(2067):20150176. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0176
  24. Dziembowska I, Izdebski P, Rasmus A, Brudny J, Grzelczak M, Cysewski P. Effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on EEG alpha asymmetry and anxiety symptoms in male athletes: A pilot study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2016;41(2):141-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9319-4
  25. Bing-Canar H, Pizzuto J, Compton RJ. Mindfulness-of-breathing exercise modulates EEG alpha activity during cognitive performance. Psychophysiology.2016;53(9):1366-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12678

피인용 문헌

  1. The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Education Program on Brain Waves and the Autonomic Nervous System in University Students vol.9, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606