Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Thermal Effluent Effects of Domestic Sewage and Industrial Wastewater on the Water Quality of Three Small Streams (Eung, Chiljang and Buso) during the Winter Season, Korea

동계 저온기의 소하천 수질에 미치는 하·폐수의 온배수 영향

  • Soon-Jin, Hwang (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jeon, Gyeonghye (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Eum, Hyun Soo (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Nan-Young (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Shin, Jae-Ki (Office for Southern Region Management of the Nakdong River, Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water))
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 전경혜 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 엄현수 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 김난영 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과) ;
  • 신재기 (한국수자원공사 낙동강남부권관리단)
  • Received : 2017.03.02
  • Accepted : 2017.05.30
  • Published : 2017.06.30
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Abstract

The sewage and wastewater (SAW) are a well-known major source of eutrophication and greentide in freshwaters and also a potential source of thermal pollution; however, there were few approaches to thermal effluent of SAW in Korea. This study was performed to understand the behavioral dynamics of the thermal effluents and their effects on the water quality of the connected streams during winter season, considering domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and hot spring wastewater from December 2015 to February 2016. Sampling stations were selected the upstream, the outlet of SAW, and the downstream in each connected stream, and the water temperature change was monitored toward the downstream from the discharging point of SAW. The temperature effect and its range of SAW on the stream were dependent not only on the effluent temperature and quantity but also on the local air temperature, water temperature and stream discharge. The SAW effects on the stream water temperature were observed with temperature increase by $2.1{\sim}5.8^{\circ}C$ in the range of 1.0 to 5.5 km downstream. Temperature effect was the greatest in the hot spring wastewater despite of small amount of effluent. The SAW was not only related to temperature but also to the increase of organic matter and nutrients in the connected stream. The industrial wastewater effluent was discharged with high concentration of nitrogen, while the hot spring wastewater was high in both phosphorus and nitrogen. The difference between these cases was due to with and without chemical T-P treatment in the industrial and the hot spring wastewater, respectively. The chlorophyll-a content of the attached algae was high at the outlet of SAW and the downstream reach, mostly in eutrophic level. These ecological results were presumably due to the high water temperature and phosphorus concentration in the stream brought by the thermal effluents of SAW. These results suggest that high temperature of the SAW needs to be emphasized when evaluating its effects on the stream water quality (water temperature, fertility) through a systematized spatial and temporal investigation.

하 폐수는 하천과 저수지의 부영양화와 녹조현상에 대한 주요 원인 중의 하나로 잘 알려져 있으며, 또한 잠재적인 열오염의 원인을 제공하지만 온배수 관점에서 연구는 거의 없었다. 본 연구는 2015년 12월부터 2016년의 2월까지 동계에 연접하는 하천에서 온배수의 거동 실태와 수질에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 생활하수, 산업폐수 및 온천폐수를 대상으로 그 시공간적 특성을 조사하였다. 조사지점은 각 하천에서 상류, 방류구 및 하류의 4개씩 선정하였고, 온배수의 배출지점으로부터 유하거리에 따른 수온 변화를 모니터링 하였다. 하천에서 하 폐수의 온도 영향과 범위는 배출수 온도와 양뿐만 아니라 현장 기온, 수온 및 하천유량에 의존하였다. 하 폐수의 수온 영향은 하천 합류 후 $2.1{\sim}5.8^{\circ}C$ 증가와 1.0~5.5 km까지 관찰되었다. 특히, 온천폐수는 양적으로 적었으나 온도 영향은 가장 컸다. 하 폐수는 온도뿐만 아니라 유기물과 영양염의 증가에도 관련되었다. 산업폐수는 N 계열, 온천폐수는 P N 계열에서 각각 높은 농도로 방류되었다. 이에 대한 차이는 화학적 총인처리의 유 무에 의한 것이었다. 부착조류 Chl-a 함량은 온배수 방류구와 하류구간에서 높았고, 대부분 부영양 수준이었다. 이러한 생태학적 결과는 하천의 높은 수온과 P 농도 때문이었고, 하 폐수의 온배수가 그에 대한 주 원인을 제공하는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 하천수질(수온, 비옥도)에 대한 하 폐수의 온배수 영향을 보다 체계화된 시공간적 연구로서 평가할 필요성이 큼을 시사한다.

Keywords

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