Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea (대한조선학회논문집)

The Society of Naval Architects of Korea (대한조선학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Experimental Study on UNDEX Characteristics of Airbag Inflators

에어백 인플레이터의 수중폭발 특성에 대한 실험 연구

  • Kim, Hyeongjun (Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST) ;
  • Choi, Gulgi (Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST) ;
  • Na, Yangsub (KAIST Institute for Disaster Study) ;
  • Park, Kyung Hoon (Division of 6th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development) ;
  • Chung, Hyun (Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST)
  • Received : 2017.09.12
  • Accepted : 2017.10.11
  • Published : 2017.10.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper deals with an experimental study of the dynamics of an underwater bubbles and shock waves, generated by rapid underwater release of highly compressed gas. Aribag inflators, which are used for automobile's airbag system, are used to generate the extremely-rapid underwater gas release. Experimental studies of the complex underwater bubble dynamics as well as underwater shock wave were carried out in a specifically designed cylindrical water tank. The water tank is equipped with a high-speed camera and pressure sensors. The high-speed camera was used to capture the expansion and collapse of the gas bubble created by inflators, while pressure sensors was used to measure the underwater shock propagation and magnitudes. The experimental results were compared against the results of explosion of pentolite explosive. Several physical phenomena that has been observed and discussed, which are different from the explosive underwater explosion.

Keywords

References

  1. Antonov, O. Efimov, S. Tz. Gurovich, V. Yanuka, D. Shafer, D. & Krasik, Y. E., 2014. Diagnostics of a converging strong shock wave generated by underwater explosion of spherical wire array. Journal of Applied Physics, 115(22), 223303. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4883187
  2. Beatty, L. G., 1972. Bubble frequencies of air gun sources (No. NRL-MR-2503). Naval research Lab Orlando FL Underwater Sound Reference Div.
  3. Brenner, M. 2007. Navy ship underwater shock prediction and testing capability study. Office of Naval Research (ONR). Report-No. JSR, pp.07-200.
  4. Brussieux, C. Viers, Ph. Roustan, H. & Rakib, M. 2011. Controlled electrochemical gas bubble release from electrodes entirely and partially covered with hydrophobic materials. Electrochimica Acta, 56(20), pp.7194-7201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.104
  5. Buogo, S. Plocek, J. & Vokurka, K., 2009. Efficiency of energy conversion in underwater spark discharges and associated bubble oscillations: experimental results. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 95(1), pp,46-59. https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.918126
  6. Chahine, G. L. Frederick, G. S. Lambrecht, C. J. Harris, G. S. & Mair, H. U., 1995. Spark-generated bubbles as laboratory-scale models of underwater explosions and their use for validation of simulation tools. In SAVIAC Proceedings of the 66th Shock and Vibrations Symposium (Vol. 1).
  7. Clements, E. W. 1972. Shipboard Shock and Navy devices for its simulation (No. NRL-7396). Naval Research Lab Washington DC.
  8. Cook, J. A. Gleeson, A. M. Roberts, R. M. & Rogers, R. L., 1997. A spark-generated bubble model with semi-empirical mass transport. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101(4), pp.1908-1920. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.418236
  9. Costanzo F.A., 2011. Underwater explosion phenomena and shock physics. In: Proulx T. (eds) Structural Dynamics, Volume 3. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer: New York, NY.
  10. De Graaf, K. L. Brandner, P. A. & Penesis, I., 2014a. Bubble dynamics of a seismic airgun. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 55, pp.228-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.02.018
  11. De Graaf, K. L. Brandner, P. A. & Penesis, I., 2014b. The pressure field generated by a seismic airgun. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 55, pp.239-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.02.025
  12. De Graaf, K. L. Penesis, I. & Brandner, P. A., 2014c. Modelling of seismic airgun bubble dynamics and pressure field using the Gilmore equation with additional damping factors. Ocean Engineering, 76, pp.32-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.12.001
  13. Dragoset, B., 2000. Introduction to air guns and air-gun arrays. The Leading Edge, 19(8), pp.892-897. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438741
  14. Gilburd, L. Efimov, S. Gefen, A. F. Gurovich, V. Tz. Bazalitski, G. Antonov, O. & Krasik, Y. E., 2012. Modified wire array underwater electrical explosion. Laser and Particle Beams, 30(2), pp.215-224. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263034611000851
  15. Krail, P. M., 2010. Airguns: Theory and operation of the marine seismic source. Course notes for GEO-391: Principles of seismic data acuisition, University of Texas at Austin.
  16. Li, Z. Wang, H., 2013. Numerical simulation of the multi-level air-gun array based on over/under source. Energy Science and Technology, 6(1), pp.52-60.
  17. McCarthy, R. H., 1995. Shock Design Criteria for Surface Ships (Vol. 10). NAVSEA 0908-LP-000-3010, Naval Sea Systems Command.
  18. Thompson, P.R., 2000. Shock testing of naval vessels using seismic airgun arrays, US patent 6662624 B1.
  19. Young, G. A., 1973. Guide-lines for evaluating the environmental effects of underwater explosion tests (No. NOLTR-72-211). Naval Ordnance Lab White Oak MD.
  20. Yu, W. Jianglin, F. Zhang, Z. Rongying, S. & Hongxing, H., 2007. Shock spectrum calculation of structural response to UNDEX. 14th International Congresson Sound & Vibration, Cairns, Australia, 9-12 July 2007.
  21. Watson, L. Dunham, E. & Ronen, S., 2016. Numerical modeling of seismic airguns and low-pressure sources. Society of Exploration Geophysicists Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, USA, 16-21 October 2016.
  22. Wikipedia, 2017, TNT equivalent, [Online] Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_equivalent [accessed 10 September 2017]