Korean Journal of Radiology

The Korean Society of Radiology (대한영상의학회)
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Efficacy of Maximum Intensity Projection of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Turbo-Spin Echo Imaging with Improved Motion-Sensitized Driven-Equilibrium Preparation in the Detection of Brain Metastases

  • Bae, Yun Jung (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital) ;
  • Choi, Byung Se (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Kyung Mi (Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Yeon Hong (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital) ;
  • Sunwoo, Leonard (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital) ;
  • Jung, Cheolkyu (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Jae Hyoung (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
  • Received : 2016.09.30
  • Accepted : 2017.01.16
  • Published : 2017.08.01
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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic benefits of 5-mm maximum intensity projection of improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium prepared contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted turbo-spin echo imaging (MIP iMSDE-TSE) in the detection of brain metastases. The imaging technique was compared with 1-mm images of iMSDE-TSE (non-MIP iMSDE-TSE), 1-mm contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging (non-MIP 3D-GRE), and 5-mm MIP 3D-GRE. Materials and Methods: From October 2014 to July 2015, 30 patients with 460 enhancing brain metastases (size > 3 mm, n = 150; size ${\leq}3mm$, n = 310) were scanned with non-MIP iMSDE-TSE and non-MIP 3D-GRE. We then performed 5-mm MIP reconstruction of these images. Two independent neuroradiologists reviewed these four sequences. Their diagnostic performance was compared using the following parameters: sensitivity, reading time, and figure of merit (FOM) derived by jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Interobserver agreement was also tested. Results: The mean FOM (all lesions, 0.984; lesions ${\leq}3mm$, 0.980) and sensitivity ([reader 1: all lesions, 97.3%; lesions ${\leq}3mm$, 96.2%], [reader 2: all lesions, 97.0%; lesions ${\leq}3mm$, 95.8%]) of MIP iMSDE-TSE was comparable to the mean FOM (0.985, 0.977) and sensitivity ([reader 1: 96.7, 99.0%], [reader 2: 97, 95.3%]) of non-MIP iMSDE-TSE, but they were superior to those of non-MIP and MIP 3D-GREs (all, p < 0.001). The reading time of MIP iMSDE-TSE (reader 1: $47.7{\pm}35.9$ seconds; reader 2: $44.7{\pm}23.6$ seconds) was significantly shorter than that of non-MIP iMSDE-TSE (reader 1: $78.8{\pm}43.7$ seconds, p = 0.01; reader 2: $82.9{\pm}39.9$ seconds, p < 0.001). Interobserver agreement was excellent (${\kappa}$ > 0.75) for all lesions in both sequences. Conclusion: MIP iMSDE-TSE showed high detectability of brain metastases. Its detectability was comparable to that of non-MIP iMSDE-TSE, but it was superior to the detectability of non-MIP/MIP 3D-GREs. With a shorter reading time, the false-positive results of MIP iMSDE-TSE were greater. We suggest that MIP iMSDE-TSE can provide high diagnostic performance and low false-positive rates when combined with 1-mm sequences.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : SNUBH

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