References
- Bradford, M. M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
- Bubenik, G. A., Miller, K. V., Lister, A. L., Osborn, D. A., Bartos, L., and Van Der Kraak, G. J. (2005) Testosterone and estradiol concentrations in serum, velvet skin, and growing antler bone of male white-tailed deer. J. Exp. Zool. 300, 186-192.
- Chen, S. M. and Nie, X. T. (2000) Experimental investigation of antioxidation from alcohol extraction of deer velvet antler. Lab. Ani. Sci. Admin. 17, 22-24. (in Chinese)
- Cheng, S. L., Lai, Y. L., Lee, M. C., Shen, P. C., Liu, S. S., Liu, B. T. (2014) Effects of deer velvet extract from Formosan sika deer on the embryonic development and anti-oxidative enzymes mRNA expression in mouse embryos. J. Ethnopharmacol. 54, 600-605.
- Chou, M. H. (2008) Effects of Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) velvet extracts on gonadal development and reproductive function in male ICR mice. Master thesis, National Pingtung Univ. of Sci. and Tech., Pingtung, Taiwan. (in Chinese)
- Environmental Protection Administration in Executive Yuan. (1994) General rules for acid digestion of the categories of fishes and shellfishes-microwave digestion / element analysis. E.P.A.A. No. 00566 Bulletin NIEA C303.01T. (in Chinese)
- Environmental Protection Administration in Executive Yuan. (2004) The analysis method of inductively coupled plasmas optical emission spectrometer. E.P.A.A. No. 0930010472 Bulletin NIEAC M105.00B. (in Chinese)
- Gu, L., Mo, E., Yang, Z., Zhu, X., Fang, Z., Sun, B., Wang, C., Bao, J., and Sung, C. (2007) Expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-I in four parts of the red deer antler. Growth Factors 25, 264-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/08977190701773187
- Hai, C. X. (2006) Free radical medicine. Forth Military Medical University publisher, Xian, China, pp. 158-179. (in Chinese)
- Janssens, B. J., Childress, J. J., Baguet, F., and Rees, J. F. (2000) Reduced enzymatic antioxidative defense in deep-sea fish. Exp. Biol. 203, 3717-3725.
- Jeon, B. T., Kim, M. H., Lee, S. M., and Moon, S. H. (2006) Effects of dietary protein level on dry matter intake, and production and chemical composition of velvet antler in spotted deer fed forest by-product silage. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 19, 1737-1741. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.1737
- Kim, K. H., Kim, K. S., Choi, B. J., Chung, K. H., Chang, Y. C., and Lee, S. D. (2005) Anti-bone resorption activity of deer antler aqua-acupunture, the pilose antler of Cervus Korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe (Nokyong) in adjuvant- induced arthritic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 96, 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.039
- Kruuk, L. E. B., Slate, J., Pemberton, J. M., Brotherstone, S., Guinness, F., and Clutton-Brock, T. (2002) Antler size in red deer: Heritability and selection but no evolution. Evolution 56, 1683-1695. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01480.x
- Kuo, C. Y., Wang, M. L., Kang, S. R., and Wang, C. H. (2009) Chemical composition analysis of the four part velvets from Formosan sambar deer. Taiwan Livestock Res. 42, 245-253. (in Chinese)
- Lin, W. T. (2007) Livestock key diagram - Grass-feeding domestic animals. Hua Siang Yuan Publishing Co., Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 569, 577-578. (in Chinese)
- Liu, Y., Wang, Z. Y., and Zhou, L. P., (2010) Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-aging effects of deer antler velvet extract on diabetic mice induced by alloxan. J. Northeast Forestry Uni. 38, 97-98, 113. (Chinese)
- Long, Y. D., Zhang, H. X., Huang, H. M., and Sun, Y. X. (1991) Investigation of mucoitin and superoxide dismutase in deer velvet antler. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis 1, 81-84. (in Chinese)
- Ma, C. X. and Yang, S. K. (1996) Deer raising and management. Hua Siang Yuan Publishing Co., Taipei, Taiwan. (in Chinese)
- Mates, J. M. and Sanchez-Jimenez, F. (1999) Antioxidant enzymes and their implications in pathophysiologic processes. Frontiers in Biosci. 4, d339-345, March 15. https://doi.org/10.2741/A432
- Niwa, Z. F. (1996) Sharply increasing free radicals cause death. Youth Publishing Co., Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 125-154. (in Chinese)
- Orr, W. C. and Sohal, R. S. (1994) Extension of life-span by overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 263, 1128-1130. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8108730
- Purchas, R. W., Triumf, E. C., and Egelandsda, B. (2010) Quality characteristics and composition of the longissimus muscle in the short-loin from male and female farmed red deer in New Zealand. Meat Sci. 86, 505-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.05.043
- SAS Institute, Inc. (2011) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 9.1 Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
- Scandalios, J. G. (1993) Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutases. Plant Physiol. 101, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.101.1.7
- Sunwoo, H. H., Nakano, T., and Sim, J. S. (1997) Effect of water-soluble extract from antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on the growth of fibroblasts. Can. J. Ani. Sci. 77, 343-345. https://doi.org/10.4141/A96-121
- Suttie, J. M. and Fennessy, P. F. (1992) Recent advances in the physiological control of velvet antler growth. R. D. Brown (ed.), The Biology of Deer. Springer-Verlag, New York, U.S., pp. 471-486.
- Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T. D., Mazur, M., and Telser, J. (2007) Review: Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 39, 44-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001
- Wan, L. J., Chen, X. G., and Park, X. (2004) Effects of oral liquid of deer velvet antler on antioxidants. Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica. 20, 22-24. (in Chinese)
- Wang, B. X., Zhao, X. H., Qi, S. B., Kaneko, S., Hattori, M., Namba, T., and Nomura, Y. (1988) Effects of repeated administration of deer antler extract on biochemicall changes related to aging in senescence-accelerated mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36, 2587- 2592. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.36.2587
- Wu, S. Y. (2006) Antifatigue effect and proteomics-based constituent analysis of deer antler. Master thesis, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. (in Chinese)
- Yuan, L., Bo, F., and Zhang Y. H. (2007) The effection of Cornu Cervi on the content of SOD, MDA during the later stage of Acute Myocardial Ischemic in rat. J. Changchun College Traditional Chi. Med. 23, 21-22. (in Chinese)
- Yuan, Q. S., Weng, C. C., Wan, C. Y., Ho, Z. X., Zheng, L. R., and Zhang, T. M. (1987) Purification and characteristic investigation of superoxide dismutase from pig blood. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 19, 22-26. (in Chinese)
Cited by
- Comparison of anti-inflammatory effect and protein profile between the water extracts from Formosan sambar deer and red deer vol.26, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.02.005
- Sika deer antler protein against acetaminophen‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK‐2 cells via activating Nrf2/keap1/HO‐1 pathway vol.43, pp.12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13067
- Optimization and Pretreatment for Hot Water Extraction of Korean Deer (Cervus canadensis Erxleben) Velvet Antlers vol.30, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2004.04009