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Material Characteristics of Smelting Slags Produced by Reproduction Experiment of Ancient Iron Smelting : According to Ca Content

고대 제철기술 복원실험에서 산출된 제련재의 칼슘함량에 따른 재료학적 특성

  • Lee, So Dam (Conservation Laboratory, Gyeongju National Museum) ;
  • Cho, Nam Chul (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju University) ;
  • Kim, Soo Chul (Department of Conservation Science, University of Technology and Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 이소담 (국립경주박물관 보존수복실) ;
  • 조남철 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 김수철 (한국전통문화대학교 기술과학대학 문화재보존과학과)
  • Received : 2017.07.18
  • Accepted : 2017.08.14
  • Published : 2017.08.20

Abstract

In the ancient iron-making process, a slag former was often added so that iron and other minerals in the ore could be smoothly separated. However, there are insufficient data for judging whether a slag former was added. Thus, in this study, we conducted a smelting experiment to understand the material characteristics of a steel structure that differed depending on the addition of a slag former. It was found that the steel structure produced in the first experiment had a total Fe content of 39.45-52.94 wt%, which decreased to 34.89-38.92 wt% in the second and third experiments. CaO compounds such as calcite, gehlenite, and hercynite appeared, in addition to iron oxides, after the addition of a slag former. As a result of an assessment of whether a slag former was added by comparing the ratio between the components, it was found that the ratio of $CaO/SiO_2$ was 0.42. From a comparative analysis of $Al_2O_3/SiO_2$ and $CaO/SiO_2$, it was judged that the ratio of $Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$ can be utilized as an index to judge similar systems of smelting process (ore, furnace wall, and fuel).

고대 제철 공정에서 원광석 내의 철과 기타 광물의 분리가 원활하게 이루어질 수 있도록 조재제를 첨가하는 경우가 많다. 하지만 조재제 첨가 유무를 판단할 수 있는 정확한 기준이 될 만한 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조재제 첨가에 따라 달라지는 슬래그의 재료학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 제련 실험을 진행하였다. 총 3차례 진행된 실험에서 산출된 슬래그의 미세조직을 관찰하고 성분을 분석하였다. 1차 실험은 조재제를 첨가하지 않았으며, 산출된 슬래그의 전철량은 39.45~52.94 wt%로 확인되었다. 조재제를 첨가한 2, 3차 실험에서는 34.89~38.92 wt%로 감소하였다. 미세조직 분석 결과 2, 3차 실험에서는 철산화물 이외에 Gehlenite, Hercynite와 같은 CaO 화합물이 나타난다. 비금속개재물 성분 간 비율을 비교한 결과, 1차 실험의 유리질바탕의 $CaO/SiO_2$ 값이 0.42를 기준으로, 이보다 높을 경우 조재제를 첨가하였을 것으로 판단된다. $Al_2O_3/SiO_2-CaO/SiO_2$ 비교 분석한 결과, $Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ 비율은 유사한 제련공정 시스템(원광, 노벽, 연료)을 판단하는 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

Keywords

References

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