Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Fish Safety and Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Sulfur Solution on Aquatic Microorganisms (Saprolegnia parasitica) Isolated from Misgurnus mizolepis

미꾸라지(Misgurnus mizolepis)에서 분리된 수생균 (Saprolegnia parasitica)에 대한 천연유황수의 항균 활성 및 처리에 대한 어류 안전성

  • Yi, Seung-Won (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Hyeop (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Jong (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Hee (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech) ;
  • Lee, Hye-Hyun (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech) ;
  • Chu, Saet-Byul (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Hee (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech) ;
  • Lee, Hee Jung (Research Institute of Agriculture Corporation LbioTech)
  • 이승원 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 이승협 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 이상종 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 김미희 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 이혜현 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 추샛별 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 김경희 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소) ;
  • 이희정 (농업회사법인 주식회사 엘바이오텍 기업부설연구소)
  • Received : 2017.04.26
  • Accepted : 2017.05.11
  • Published : 2017.06.30
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Abstract

Basic dyes such as malachite green and methylene blue have been used as disinfectants to control water fungal infections since the 1930s. However, after succeeding reports of carcinogenicity and bioaccumulation of the dye, their use was forbidden in lieu of public health. This study undertook to evaluate the therapeutic effect of sulfur solution processed by effective microorganisms (EM-PSS) against Saprolegnia parasitica infection, and its safety in fish. In vitro antifungal evaluation of EM-PSS inhibited the growth of S. parasitica mycelia at concentrations of 50 ppm or higher. The acute toxicity test of EM-PSS to the mud fish (Misgurnus mizolepis) measured a no effect concentration (NOEC) at 100 ppm, the lowest effect concentration (LOEC) at 125 ppm, and the half-lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) at 125 ppm in juvenile and 250 ppm in the immature stage. In addition, the ecotoxicity test of EM-PSS using Daphnia magna inhibited swimming of D. magna at concentrations of 100 ppm or less. Lastly, the EM-PSS prevented infection of S. parasitica to mud fish, at concentrations of 50 ppm. Furthermore, at 100 ppm concentration, the EM-PSS showed no acute toxicity on mud fish, nor any eco-toxic effects on D. magnano. Therefore, we conclude that carcinogenic disinfectants such as malachite green and methylene blue could be replaced by EM-PSS to remove S. parasitica in mud fish farming, and might be a potential eco-friendly disinfectant in aquaculture.

말라카이트 그린과 메틸렌 블루 같은 기본 염료는 1930년대부터 물 곰팡이 감염을 통제하는 소독제로 사용되었다. 하지만 이 염료의 발암성 및 생체 내부 축적이 보고된 후 공중보건을 위해 이 염료의 사용이 금지되었다. 본 연구에서는 천연유황수의 Saprolegnia parasitica의 감염에 대한 치료 효과와 어류에서의 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 천연유황수의 항진균성 시험에서 S. parasitica 균사체의 성장이 50 ppm 또는 그 이상의 농도에서 억제되었다. 미꾸라지의 치어와 미성어에 대한 천연유황수의 급성 독성 시험에서 무 영향농도(NOEC)는 100 ppm, 최저 영향농도(LOEC)는 125 ppm 그리고 반수치사농도($LC_{50}$)는 치어에서 125 ppm, 미성어에서 250 ppm으로 측정되었다. 또한, 물벼룩을 이용한 천연유황수의 생태 독성 시험에서는 100 ppm 이하의 농도에서 물벼룩의 유영저해가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 천연유황수는 50 ppm 농도에서 미꾸라지에 대한 S. parasitica의 감염을 방지하였을 뿐만 아니라 100 ppm 농도까지 미꾸라지에 급성독성 그리고 물벼룩에 생태독성을 나타내지 않았다. 그러므로 미꾸라지 양식에서 많은 문제를 일으키는 수생균을 제거하기 위하여 말라카이트 그린 및 메틸렌 블루 같은 발암성 소독제를 대신하여 천연유황수를 유용하게 사용할 수 있으며 잠재적으로 다른 어종 양식에서도 천연유황수를 친환경 소독제로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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