Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea (한국초등수학교육학회지)

Korea Society of Elementary Mathematics Education (한국초등수학교육학회)
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Understanding of Percentages of Sixth Grade Students in Elementary School

초등학교 6학년 학생의 백분율 이해에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2017.04.14
  • Accepted : 2017.05.22
  • Published : 2017.05.31
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Abstract

This study aims to investigate an approach to teach percentages in elementary mathematics class by analyzing calculating strategies with percentage the students use to solve the percentage tasks and their percentages of correct answers, as well as types of errors with percentages the students make. For this research 182 sixth graders were examined. The instrument test consists of various task types in reference to the previous study; the percentages tasks are divided into algebraic-geometric, part whole-comparison-change and find part-find whole-find percentage tasks. According to the analysis of this study, percentages of correct answers of students with percentage tasks were lower than we expected, approximately 50%. Comparing the percentages of correct answers according to the task types, the part-whole tasks are higher than the comparison and change tasks, the geometric tasks are approximately equal to the algebraic tasks, and the find percentage tasks are higher than the find whole and find part tasks. As to the strategies that students employed, the percentage of using the formal strategy is not much higher than that of using the informal strategy, even after learning the formal strategy. As an insightful approach for teaching percentages, based on the study results, it is suggested to reinforce the meaning of percentage, include various types of the comparison and change tasks, emphasize the informal strategy explicitly using models prior to the formal strategy, and understand the relations among part, whole and percentage throughly in various percentage situations before calculating.

본 연구에서는 초등학교 학생들의 백분율 이해에 대한 실태를 조사하고 이를 기초로 백분율 지도를 위한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 부분 전체 과제, 변화 과제, 비교 과제로 구분한 16개의 문항으로 구성된 검사도구를 개발하고, 백분율을 학습한 초등학교 6학년 학생 182명을 대상으로 검사를 실시하여 각 문항의 정답률 및 학생들이 사용한 전략, 오류 유형을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 백분율 과제에 대한 정답률이 전반적으로 낮았고, 과제 유형별로는 부분 전체 과제의 정답률이 비교 과제와 변화 과제보다는 높았으며, 백분율 계산 전략은 형식적 동치 소수 전략뿐만 아니라 비형식적 전략도 많이 사용하였고, 다양한 오류 유형이 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 백분율 지도를 위한 시사점으로 백분율의 의미 강조, 다양한 비교 과제와 변화 과제의 포함, 비형식적 전략의 강조와 모델의 사용, 다양한 백분율 상황에서 결과량, 백분율, 기준량 사이의 관계 파악을 제안하였다.

Keywords

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