한국환경생태학회지 (Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology)

  • 제31권3호
  • /
  • Pages.297-317
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1229-3857(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-131X(eISSN)
한국환경생태학회 (Korean Society of Environment and Ecology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

봉화군 장군봉 일대 자연림의 식생유형과 임분특성

Vegetation Type and Stand Characteristics of Natural Forest in Mt. Janggunbong, Bonghwa-Gun

  • 변성엽 (공주대학교 산림자원학과) ;
  • 윤충원 (공주대학교 산림자원학과)
  • 투고 : 2017.01.25
  • 심사 : 2017.06.20
  • 발행 : 2017.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 봉화 장군봉의 자연림을 대상으로 산림식생의 유형을 분류하고, 그에 따른 임분특성을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 2014년 6월부터 2016년 8월까지 식생조사를 실시하였으며, 총 71개소의 식생조사자료를 토대로, 종-면적곡선, 식물사회학적 식생유형분류, 중요치, 종다양도, 일치법, CCA 분석을 실시하였다. 종-면적곡선과 누적종수 추정치를 분석해본 결과, 조사구의 설치는 적절하게 이루어졌으며, 총 227개 분류군(67과 152속 197종 3아종 27변종)이 출현하였다. 식생유형분류를 실시한 결과, 총 7개의 식생단위로 분류되었으며, 최상위 수준에서 신갈나무군락군, 신갈나무군락군은 고로쇠나무군락(동자꽃군과 물참대군), 잣나무군락(시닥나무군과 잣나무전형군), 굴참나무군락(담쟁이덩굴군과 굴참나무전형군)으로 분류되었으며, 담쟁이덩굴군은 담쟁이덩굴전형소군과 호랑버들소군으로 분류되었다. 중요치 분석결과, 식생단위 1~5의 교목층에서는 신갈나무(38.0~70.4%), 식생단위 6은 박달나무(35.3%), 식생단위 7은 소나무(45.4%)가 각각 가장 높게 나타났다. 박달나무와 소나무가 우점하는 식생단위 6과 7은 교목층을 제외한 층위에서 신갈나무와 굴참나무가 높은 중요치를 나타내어, 향후 이들 식생단위는 신갈나무와 굴참나무에 의한 군락이 형성될 것으로 사료되었다. 종다양도는 식생단위 1, 2, 3의 종다양도(2.130~2.353)가 높게 나타났으며, 이는 계곡의 지형적 특성에 의한 영향 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. 일치법과 CCA를 실시한 결과, 식생유형은 해발고도와 가장 높은 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The research has been conducted in order to classify the vegetation types of natural forest in Mt. Janggunbong, Bonghwa-Gun and establish its following characteristics of stands. Vegetation data were collected by June in 2014 to August in 2016. Based on the 71 quadrates, we carried out an analysis of species-area curve, vegetation types, importance value, species diversity, coincidence method and CCA. As a result of the species-area curve, it was showed the proper investigation, vascular plants consisted a total of 227 taxa; 67 families, 152 genera, 197 species, 3 subspecies, 27 varieties. The forest vegetation was classified into 7 vegetation units, when it comes to a community group, they are classified into the Quercus mongolica community group. As for community, Q. mongolica community group is classified into the Acer pictum subsp. mono community, Pinus koraiensis community and Q. variabilis community. As for group, A. pictum subsp. mono community is classified into Lychnis cognata group and Deutzia glabrata group. The P. koraiensis community is classified into A. komarovii group and P. koraiensis typical group. The Q. variabilis community is classified into Parthenocissus tricuspidata group and Q. variabilis typical group. As for subgroup, P. tricuspidata group is classified into P. tricuspidata typical subgroup and Salix caprea subgroup. As a result of the importance value, Q. mongolica showed highest importance value in tree layer of vegetation units 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Betula schmidtii showed highest importance value in tree layer of vegetation unit 6. P. densiflora showed highest importance value in tree layer of vegetation unit 7. In subtree layer, shrub layer and herb layer of vegetation units 6 and 7, Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis showed high importance value. This implying that a vegetation units 6 and 7 is predicted to be composed by Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis. As for species diversity, vegetation units 1, 2 and 3 showed high species diversity(2.130~2.353). It was considered to be due to the topographical characteristics of valley. As a result of coincidence method and CCA, altitude showed high correlation than other environmental factor.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bae, K.H., H.J. Cho and S.C. Hong(2003) Vegetation composition and structure at the forest genetic resources reserve, Sokwang-Ri, Uljin-Gun in Korea. Forest Science and Technology 96(6): 536-544.(in Korean with English abstract)
  2. Braun-Blaunquet, J.(1932) Plant Sociology: The Study of Plant Communities(1st ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York and London, 492pp.
  3. Braun-Blaunquet, J.(1964) Pflanzensoziologie Grundzuge der Vegetation der Vegetation(3rd ed.). Springer-Verlag, Wien, New York, 865pp.(in German)
  4. Brower, J.E. and J.H. Zar(1977) Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers, Iowa, USA, 596pp.
  5. Byeon, S.Y. and C.W. Yun(2016) Stand structure of actual vegetation in the natural forests and plantation area of Mt. Janggunbong, Bonghwa-Gun. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 30(6): 1032-1046.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2016.30.6.1032
  6. Cheon, K.I., S.H. Joo, J.H. Sung, J.H. Chun and Y.G. Lee(2014) Understory vegetation structure by altitude and azimuth slope and indicator species analysis in Mt. Gyebang. Journal of Korean Forest Society 103(2): 165-174.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2014.103.2.165
  7. Cho, H.J. and C.B. Lee(2011) Vegetation types and diversity patterns of Pinus densiflora forests in South Korea. Journal of Korean Forest Society 100(1): 118-123.(in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Cho, H.J., K.H. Bae, C.S. Lee and C.H. Lee(2004) Species composition and structure of the evergreen coniferous forest vegetation of the subalpine area(South Korea). The Korean Forest Society 93(5): 372-379.(in Korean with English abstract)
  9. Cho, M.G., J.M. Chung, H.R. Jung, M.Y. Kang and H.S. Moon(2012) Vegetation structure of Taxus cuspidata communities in subalpine zone. Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences 46(5): 1-10.(in Korean with English abstract)
  10. Curtis, J.T. and R.P. McIntosh(1951) An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32: 476-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725
  11. Ellenberg, H.(1956) Aufgaben and Methoden der Vegetationskunde. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 136pp.(in German)
  12. Greigh-Smith, P.(1983) Quantitative Plant Ecology(3rd ed.). Blakwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 359pp.
  13. Gwon, J.H., M.K. Sin, H.J. Kwon and H.K. Song(2013) A study on the forest vegetation of Jirisan National Park. The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 16(5): 93-118.(in Korean with English abstract)
  14. Han, S.H., S.H. Han and C.W. Yun(2016) Classification and stand characteristics of subalpine forest vegetation at Hyangjeukbong and Jungbong in Mt. Deogyusan. Journal of Korean Forest Society 105(1): 48-62.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2016.105.1.48
  15. Hill, M.O.(1979) TWINSPAN- A FORTRAN Program for Arranging Multivariate Data in an Ordered Two-way Table by Classification of the Individuals and Attributes. Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University, Press, 50pp.
  16. Hong, S.C., S.H. Byen and S.S. Kim(1987) Colored Illustrations of Trees and Shrubs in Korea. Gyemyengsa, Korea, 310pp.(in Korean)
  17. Hwang, K.M., S.H. Chung and J.H. Kim(2016) Forest type classification and successional trends in the natural forest of Mt. Deogyu. Journal of Korean Forest Society 105(2): 157-166.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2016.105.2.157
  18. Jang, G.S., S.W. Jeon and S.S. Kim(2008) Analyzing characteristics of forest damage within the Geum-buk Mountain range. Journal of Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 36(5): 55-63.(in Korean with English abstract)
  19. Joung, N.K.(2007) A Forest Management Method on Vegetational Structure Classification of Around Janggunbong. Master thesis in Kyungpook University, 45pp.(in Korean with English abstract)
  20. Jung, N.K., S.C. Jung, S.H. Oh, J.G. Byun, T.C. Hur and S.H. Joo(2009) Vegetational structure classification of around the Janggunbong in Bonghwa-Gun. Korean Institure of Forest Recreation 13(1): 27-34.(in Korean with English abstract)
  21. Kang, C.(2002) A study of the jackknife estimate. Journal of Industrial Science and Technology 34: 325-331.(in Korean with English abstract)
  22. Kim, J.M., C.S. Kim and B.G. Park(1987) Methods of Vegetation Survey. Ilsinsa, Seoul, Korea, 170pp.(in Korean)
  23. Kim, C.H. and B.S. Kil(1997) Canonical correspondence analysis( CCA) on the forest vegetation of Mt. Togyu National Park, Korea. Journal of Ecology and Environment 20(2): 125-132.(in Korean with English abstract)
  24. Kim, H.J. and C.W. Yun(2009) A study on the forest vegetation classification and analysis of interspecific association in Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok. Forest Science and Technology 98(4):379-391.(in Korean with English abstract)
  25. Kim, H.S., G.S. Park, S.M. Lee, S.J. Lee, H.G. Lee, H.W. Park, D.Y. Park, C.H. Lee, J.H. Kim and J.K. Lee(2016) A study on the vegetation structure of the Geumsan in Namhae-Gun of Korea. Korea Journal of Environment and Ecology 30(2): 214-227.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2016.30.2.214
  26. Kim, H.S., S.M. Lee and H.K. Song(2010) An analysis of the vegetation on the southern and northern slopes in the Deogyusan National Park. Jorunal of Ecology and Environment 24(5): 601-610.(in Korean with English abstract)
  27. Kim, H.S., S.M. Lee, H.K. Song(2009) A study of the vegetation in the Deogyusan National Park -focused on the deciduous forest at Namdeogyu area-. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 23(5): 471-484.(in Korean with English abstract)
  28. Kim, J.Y. and K.J. Lee(2012) Vegetation structure and the density of thinning for the inducement of the ecological succession in artificial forest, national parks -In case of Chiaksan, Songnisan, Deogyusan, and Naejangsan-. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 26(4): 604-619.(in Korean with English abstract)
  29. Kimmins, J.P.(1992) Balancing Act : Environmental Issues in Forestry. University of British Columbia Press, 244pp.
  30. Korea Forest Service and Korean National Arboretum(2008) Rare Plants Data Book in Korea. Korea Forest Service and Korean National Arboretum, Seoul, 332pp.(in Korean)
  31. Korea Forest Service(2010a) Korea biodiversity information system. http://www.nature.go.kr/.
  32. Korea Forest Service(2010b) Korea plant names index committee. http://www.nature.go.kr/kpni/.
  33. Korea Forest Service(2015) Sustainable Forest Resources Management Guidelines. http://www.nature.go.kr/.
  34. Korea Meteorological Administration(2010) http://www.kma.go.kr/.
  35. Korea Meteorological Administration(2016) http://www.kma.go.kr/.
  36. Korea National Arboretum and The Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea(2007) A Synonymic List of Vascular Plants in Korea. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, 534pp.(in Korean)
  37. Korea National Park Service(2012) The Final Report of Natural Resources Survey in Deogyusan National Park. Korea National Park Service, Seoul, 604pp.(in Korean)
  38. Korean Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(1963) Explanatory Text of the Geological Map. http://www.kigam.re.kr.
  39. Krebs, C.J.(1985) Ecology(3rd ed.). Haber & Row, Publishing company, pp. 3-14.
  40. Kwon, H.J., J.H. Gwon, K.S. Han and M.Y. Kim(2010) Subalpine forest vegetation of Daecheongbong area, Mt. Seoraksan. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 24(2): 194-201.(in Korean with English abstract)
  41. Lee, B.C. and C.W. Yun(2002) A study on community classification of forest vegetation in Mt. Naeyeon. Ecology and Environment 25(3): 153-161.(in Korean with English abstract)
  42. Lee, D.K. and J.U. Kim(2007) Vulnerability assessment of sub-alpine vegetations by climate change in Korea. The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 10(6): 110-119.(in Korean with English abstract)
  43. Lee, H.Y., J.H. Lee and C.W. Yun(2015a) Characteristics of species composition and community structure for the forest vegetation of aspect area in Mt. Eungbok. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 29(5): 791-802.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.5.791
  44. Lee, J,Y., J.G. Oh., I.S. Jang and H.S. Kim(2015b) Community distribution on mountain forest vegetation of the Youngbong area in the Worak national park, Korea. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 48(1): 51-60.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2015.48.1.051
  45. Lee, K.J., S.S. Han, J.H. Kim and E.S. Kim(1996) Forest Ecology. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea, 335pp.
  46. Lee, T.B.(2003) Coloured Flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea, 999pp.(in Korean)
  47. Lee, T.S., K.J. Lee, B.U. Choi and S.C. Park(2010) Planting managements for improvement of species diversity in Recreational Forest - a case study of Chukryongsan Recrational Forest, Gyeonggi-do -. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 24(4): 351-362.(in Korean with English abstract)
  48. Lee, W.H.(2014) Study of Community and Population Structure of Forest Vegetation in Yesan, Chungnam Province. Doctor thesis in Kongju University, 109pp.(in Korean with English abstract)
  49. Muller-Dombois, D. and H. Ellenberg(1974) Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. Wiley, New York, 547pp.
  50. Nam, B.M., S. Jeong, J.Y. Kim, B.U. Oh and G.Y. Chung(2016) A flora of vascular plants of Mt. Janggunbong(Bonghwa-Gun). The Plant Resources Society of Korea 29(4): 467-478.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2016.29.4.467
  51. Oh, H.K., B.Y. Son and J.H. You(2015) Vascular plants and characteristics by type in Mt. Ilwolsan(Yeongyang, Gyeongbuk) for designating an ecological and landscape conservation area. The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 18(4): 43-62.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2015.18.4.43
  52. Palmer, M.W.(1991) Estimating species richness: the second order jackknife reconsidered. Ecology 72: 1512-1513. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941127
  53. Park, H.G. and C.W. Yun(2009) A study on forest vegetation classification in urban forest of Daejeon Metropolitan City. Korean Institure of Forest Recreation 13(4): 33-41.(in Korean with English abstract)
  54. Park, I.H. and Y.K. Seo(2002) Plot size for investigating forest community structure(5) - adequate number of plots for tree and shrub strata in a mixed forest community of broad-leaved trees at Guryongsan area -. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 15(4): 394-400.(in Korean with English abstract)
  55. Park, J.H., S.K. Kim, S.T. Lee, K.S. Lee and H.H. Kim(2013) Thinning effect on vegetation structure and stand characteristics of oak stands. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 47(6): 81-89.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2013.47.6.81
  56. Park, S.G. and H.M. Kang(2016) Characteristics of vegetation structure in the ridgeline area of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 30(3): 386-398.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2016.30.3.386
  57. Park, Y.S., H.K. Song, S. Yee and M.J. Lee(2001) An analysis of vegetation structure and vegetation-environment relationships with DCCA in the valley part of Kyeryongsan National Park. Forest Science and Technology 90(3): 249-256.(in Korean with English abstract)
  58. Peter, S.(2012) Ecology: Global Insights and Investigations(1st ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies. 580pp.
  59. Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver(1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
  60. Shin, H.S. and C.W. Yun(2014) Species composition and community characteristics of forest vegetation of Mt. Gaya in Chungnam. Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences 48(3): 25-35.(in Korean with English abstract)
  61. Shin, H.S., H.J. Kim, S.H. Han, T.G. Kim and C.W. Yun(2014) Phytosociological actual vegetation classification and flora in Mt. Jiryeong for Baekdudaegan Geum-Buck Mountain range. Journal of Apiculture 29(2): 93-105.(in Korean with English abstract)
  62. Son, Y.H., C.D. Koo, C.S. Kim, P.S. Park, C.W. Yun and K.H. Lee(2016) Forest Ecology. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea, 346pp.(in Korean)
  63. Song, H.K., K.K. Jang and S.D. Kim(1995) An analysis of vegetation- environment relationships of Quercus mongolica communities by TWINSPAN and DCCA. Journal of Korean Forest Society 84(3): 299-305.
  64. Song, Y.H. and C.W. Yun(2006) Community type and stand structure of the korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) natural forest in Seoraksan national park. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 20(1): 29-40.(in Korean with English abstract)
  65. Ter Braak, C.J.F.(1988) CANOCO- a FORTRAN Program for Canonical Community Ordination by (Partial)(Detrended) (Canonical) Correspondence Analysis, Principal Components Analysis Redundancy Analysis. Statistics Department, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 95pp.
  66. Toyohara, G.(1977) The vegetation and its mapping of the Hiba mountains, Southwestern Honshu, Japan. Hikobia 8(1-2): 151-164.
  67. Whittaker, R.H.(1965) Dominance and diversity in land plant communities. Science 147: 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3655.250
  68. Yang, S.G., J.W. Han, S.K. Choi, C.S. Jang, K.S. Kim and B.U. Oh(2007) The flora of Janggunbong(Bonghwa-Gun). Bulletin of the Natural Sciences 21: 107-120.(in Korean with English abstract)
  69. Yim, K.B., I.H. Park and K.J. Lee(1980) Phytosociological changes of Pinus densiflora forest induced by insect demage in Kyonggi-do area. Journal of Korean Forest Society 50: 56-71.
  70. Yun, C.W. and S.C. Hong(2000) Quantitative analysis of vegetation types in Pinus densiflora for. erecta forest. Journal of Ecology and Environment 23(3): 281-291.(in Korean with English abstract)
  71. Yun, C.W.(2016) Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs. Geobook, Korea, 703pp.(in Korean)
  72. Yun, C.W., C.H. Lee and H.J. Kim(2007) The community structure of forest vegetation in Mt. Gaya, Chungcheongnam-do province. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 21(5): 379-389.(in Korean with English abstract)
  73. Yun, C.W., H.J. Kim, B.C. Lee, J.H. Shin, H.M. Yang and J.H. Lim(2011) Characteristic community type classification of forest vegetation in South Korea. Forest Science and Technology 100(3): 504-521.(in Korean with English abstract)