DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

다중작업 환경에서 좌절감의 정량적 측정방법

Quantitative Measurement of Frustration for Multitasking Environment

  • 정선구 (고려대학교 산업경영공학과) ;
  • 명노해 (고려대학교 산업경영공학과)
  • Jeong, Sungoo (Department of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Myung, Rohae (Department of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University)
  • 투고 : 2016.12.22
  • 심사 : 2017.05.08
  • 발행 : 2017.06.15

초록

In recent years, studies about multitasking becomes more important. During multitasking, operators can feel frustration when they are interrupted during the task and frustration can affect operator's emotional state and performance. However there is no research on measuring the frustration quantitatively in multitasking environment. In this paper, we suggested quantitative measurement of frustration during multitasking. In order to measure the frustration, we made a mathematical representation with emotional decay model and the initial intensity of frustration based on cognitive closure theory. The amount of initial intensity could be represented as the ratio of actual remaining time to expected remaining time. By the experiment, we measured the frustration during the experiment and compared this values with values of frustration dimension of NASA-TLX. Finally we got the linear regression model with a good accuracy ($R^2=0.986$). This study contributes to measuring the emotion quantitatively by the relation of expected and actual remaining time in multitasking environment.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Adamczyk, P. D. and Bailey, B. P. (2004), If not now, when? : the effects of interruption at different moments within task execution, In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM, 271-278.
  2. Adler, R. F. and Benbunan-Fich, R. (2013), Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking, Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1441-1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.040
  3. Bailey, B. P. and Iqbal, S. T. (2008), Understanding changes in mental workload during execution of goal-directed tasks and its application for interruption management, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 14(4), 21.
  4. Bailey, B. P., Konstan, J. A., and Carlis, J. V. (2001), The effects of interruptions on task performance, annoyance, and anxiety in the user interface, In Proceedings of INTERACT, 1, 593-601.
  5. Berkowitz, L. (1989), Frustration-aggression hypothesis : examination and reformulation, Psychological bulletin, 106(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59
  6. Choi, Y. and Myung, R. (2016), Modeling Time Pressure Effect on Visual Search Strategy, Journal of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers, 42(6), 377-385. https://doi.org/10.7232/JKIIE.2016.42.6.377
  7. Czerwinski, M., Cutrell, E., and Horvitz, E. (2000), Instant messaging : Effects of relevance and timing, In People and com-puters XIV : Proceedings of HCI, British Computer Society, 2, 71-76.
  8. D'Mello, S. and Graesser, A. (2011), The half-life of cognitive-affective states during complex learning, Cognition and Emotion, 25(7), 1299-1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.613668
  9. Duggan, G. B., Johnson, H., and Sorli, P. (2013), Interleaving tasks to improve performance : Users maximise the marginal rate of return. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 71(5), 533-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2013.01.001
  10. Frijda, N. H. (2007), The laws of emotion, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  11. Garrett, R. K. and Danziger, J. N. (2007), IM = Interruption management? Instant messaging and disruption in the workplace, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00384.x
  12. Gebhard, P. (2005), ALMA : a layered model of affect, In Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems, ACM, 29-36.
  13. Gunzelmann, G., Gluck, K. A., Kershner, J., Van Dongen, H. P., and Dinges, D. F. (2007), Understanding decrements in knowledge access resulting from increased fatigue. In Proceedings of the twenty-ninth annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 329-334.
  14. Hart, S. G. and Staveland, L. E. (1988), Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) : Results of empirical and theoretical research, Advances in psychology, 52, 139-183.
  15. Iqbal, S. T. and Bailey, B. P. (2005). Investigating the effectiveness of mental workload as a predictor of opportune moments for interruption, In CHI'05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, ACM, 1489-1492.
  16. Johnson, T. E. and Rule, B. G. (1986), Mitigating circumstance information, censure, and aggression, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(3), 537. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.537
  17. Kruglanski, A. W. (2013), Lay epistemics and human knowledge : Cognitive and motivational bases, Springer Science & Business Media.
  18. Mark, G., Gudith, D., and Klocke, U. (2008), The cost of interrupted work: more speed and stress, In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, 107-110.
  19. Mehrabian, A. (1996), Pleasure-arousal-dominance : A general framework for describing and measuring individual differences in temperament, Current Psychology, 14(4), 261-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686918
  20. Monk, C. A., Trafton, J. G., and Boehm-Davis, D. A. (2008), The effect of interruption duration and demand on resuming suspended goals, Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 14(4), 299. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014402
  21. Niculescu, M., Payne, C. R., and Luna-Nevarez, C. (2014), Consumer response to interruption features and need for cognitive closure, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13(1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1459
  22. Park, S., Choi, N., Jeong, S., and Myung, R. (2015), Modeling of Facilitating Effect of Positive Affect on Task Switching with ACT-R, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 59(1), 701-705.
  23. Park, S. and Myung, R. (2014), Modeling the Effects of Positive Affect on the Knowledge Availability of Declarative Memory, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58(1), 869-873.
  24. Park, S. J. and Myung, R. H. (2015), Cognitive Modeling of Unusual Association with Declarative Knowledge by Positive Affect, Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers, 41(1), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.7232/JKIIE.2015.41.1.043
  25. Ritter, F. E., Reifers, A. L., Klein, L. C., and Schoelles, M. J. (2007), Lessons from defining theories of stress for cognitive architectures, Integrated models of cognitive systems, 254-262.
  26. Roseman, I. J. and Smith, C. A. (2001), Appraisal theory, Appraisal processes in emotion : Theory, methods, research, 3-19.
  27. Salvucci, D. D. (2010), On reconstruction of task context after interruption, In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, ACM, 89-92.
  28. Salvucci, D. D. and Gray, R. (2004), A two-point visual control model of steering, Perception, 33(10), 1233-1248. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5343
  29. Salvucci, D. D., Markley, D., Zuber, M., and Brumby, D. P. (2007), iPod distraction : Effects of portable music-player use on driver performance, In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM, 243-250.
  30. Salvucci, D. D. and Taatgen, N. A. (2008), Threaded cognition : an integrated theory of concurrent multitasking, Psychological Review, 115(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.115.1.101
  31. Santos, R., Marreiros, G., Ramos, C., Neves, J., and Bulas-Cruz, J. (2011), Personality, emotion, and mood in agent-based group decision making, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 26(6), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2011.92
  32. Schiffman, N. and Greist-Bousquet, S. (1992), The effect of task interruption and closure on perceived duration. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30(1), 9-11. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03330382
  33. Stanton, N. A. and Young, M. S. (2005), Driver behaviour with adaptive cruise control. Ergonomics, 48(10), 1294-1313. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500252990
  34. Trafton, J. G., Altmann, E. M., and Brock, D. P. (2005), Huh, what was I doing? How people use environmental cues after an interruption. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 49(3), 468-472.
  35. Zillmann, D. and Cantor, J. R. (1976), Effect of timing of information about mitigating circumstances on emotional responses to provocation and retaliatory behavior, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12(1), 38-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(76)90085-8
  36. Zijlstra, F. R., Roe, R. A., Leonora, A. B., and Krediet, I. (1999), Temporal factors in mental work : Effects of interrupted activities, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(2), 163-185. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317999166581