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매실산을 이용한 월지 출토 금동삼존판불의 금도금법 복원

Restoration of Gold Gilding Using Plum Acid for Geumdong-samjonpanbul Excavated from Walji, Gyeongju

  • Yun, Yong Hyun (Department of Scientific & Technological History, National Science Museum) ;
  • Cho, Nam Chul (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Yoon, Dae-Sik (Department of Scientific & Technological History, National Science Museum) ;
  • Lee, Tae Sub (Wolsaengsanbang) ;
  • Bae, Chaerin (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University)
  • 투고 : 2017.03.10
  • 심사 : 2017.04.18
  • 발행 : 2017.04.20

초록

경주 월지에서 출토된 금동삼존판불을 복원하고자 고문헌에 공통적으로 기록되어 있는 매실산을 도금 실험에 적용하였으며 도금 결과를 색도, SEM-EDS, XPS 등의 분석을 통해 알아보았다. 색도 분석결과 전체적으로 황색도가 높았으며 10분 이상 매실산 처리를 한 시편이 명도가 높았다. SEM으로 표면을 관찰한 결과 아말감을 도포하고 바로 소성한 경우 도금이 거의 되지 않았으며 36시간 방치 후 소성한 경우 도금층이 불균일하게 관찰되었으므로 도금시간은 12시간~24시간 이내가 적절함을 확인할 수 있었다. EDS로 도금층의 성분을 분석한 결과 산처리 시간이 20분인 시료의 경우 5 wt.% 내외로 수은의 비율이 다른 시료에 비해 낮았다. 또한 XPS로 표면상태를 분석한 결과 산처리시간은 20분이고 24시간동안 아말감을 도포한 시료가 Au의 XPS peak 분해능이 높으며, Hg가 다른 시편들에 비해 거의 남아 있지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 매실산을 이용한 실험 및 분석결과 산처리 시간이 20분이고 아말감 도포시간이 24시간일 때 도금이 잘 되는 것으로 확인하였고, 이 결과를 토대로 금동삼존판불을 복원하였다.

This research involves a gilding experiment using plum acid that has previously been reported to restore Geumdongsamjonpanbul excavated from Wolji, Gyeongju. Chromaticity analysis revealed that the yellowness of the samples was high, and the samples treated with acid for more than 10 minutes showed high brightness. SEM studies revealed that the sample subjected to amalgam application and immediate heating was rarely gilded with gold. When the amalgam application time was longer than 36 h, the gold layer observed was uneven. Therefore, the optimum amalgam application time was 12-24 h. EDS analysis showed that mercury content was ~5 wt.% for samples with an acid treatment time of 20 min, lower than that in other samples. Gold gilding was successful for the sample with amalgam application time of 24 h and acid treatment time of 20 min. This sample showed the high-resolution XPS peak corresponding to Au and retains a little Hg compared with the other samples. In other words, experimental and analytical results using plum acid showed that gilding was successful when acid treatment time was 20 min and amalgam application time was 24 h. Based on these results, Geumdongsamjonpanbul excavated from Wolji, Gyeongju can be restored.

키워드

참고문헌

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