음양균형의학으로서의 응용근신경학(AK) 개요

Introduction to the Applied Kinesiology, as a Yin-Yang Balance Based Approach

  • 인창식 (경희대학교 침구경락융합연구센터)
  • Yin, Chang Shik (Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University)
  • 투고 : 2017.12.05
  • 심사 : 2017.12.20
  • 발행 : 2017.12.30

초록

Applied Kinesiology (AK) is an evaluation system on the functional balance and integration of the body. Functional aspects of the triad of health are evaluated through muscle testing to see if the balance and integration is in an optimal status or is influenced by a given environmental stimulation. Triad of health refers to the structural, chemical, and psychological aspects of the body. Muscle testing in AK is a functional neurological assessment of muscular response to a given environmental stimulation in a given individual. Meridian system and stomatognathic system as in TMJ balancing medicine serve as one of the theoretical basis of AK. This article reviews core concepts of AK, discusses yin-yang balance medicine perspectives and clinical applications of it.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Executive Board of the International College of Applied Kinesiology-U.S.A. Applied Kinesiology status statement, June 16, 1992. Updated May, 2001. [cited 2017 Dec 1] Available from: URL: www.icakusa.com/sites/default/files/Applied-Kinesiology-Status-Statement.pdf
  2. Walther D. Applied Kinesiology: synopsis. 2nd ed. Pueblo, Systems DC, 2000 (데이비드 월터. 응용근신경학. 서울:대성의학사, 2002).
  3. 인창식. AK(응용운동학, 근신경학) 요법. In: 전세일. 보완대체의학의 임상응용과 실제. 서울:한국의학사. 2009:425-447.
  4. Motyka TM, Yanuck SF. Expanding the neurological examination using functional neurologic assessment part I: methodological considerations. Int J Neurosci 1999;97(1-2):61-76. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459908994303
  5. Goodheart GJ Jr. You'll be better, the story of applied kinesiology. Geneva:AK Printing. 1987.
  6. 김상영, 인창식, 최인원, 김종우. 감정자유기법(EFT)의 연구를 중심으 로 본 경락기반심리요법의 동향. 동의신경정신과학회지 2013;24(SP1):89-100.
  7. Maffetone P. The maffetone method. Camden:McGraw-Hill, 2000. (필립 매피톤. 매피톤 건강법. 서울:고려의학, 2004)
  8. 인창식, 이승우, 김윤경. 한약과 양약의 개념 설정 어떻게 할 것인가? 대한한의학방제학회지 2012;20(2):187-197. https://doi.org/10.14374/HFS.2012.20.2.187
  9. Yin CS, Lee YJ, Lee YJ. Neurological influences of the temporomandibular joint. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2007;11(4):285-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2006.11.007
  10. Conable KM. Intraexaminer comparison of applied kinesiology manual muscle testing of varying durations: a pilot study. J Chiropr Med. 2010;9(1):3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2009.12.005
  11. Cuthbert SC, Goodheart GJ Jr. On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: a literature review. Chiropr Osteopat 2007;15:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-15-4
  12. Haas M, Cooperstein R, Peterson D. Disentangling manual muscle testing and Applied Kinesiology: critique and reinterpretation of a literature review. Chiropr Osteopat. 2007;15:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-15-11
  13. Staehle HJ, Koch MJ, Pioch T. Double-blind study on materials testing with applied kinesiology. J Dent Res 2005;84(11):1066-1069. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401119
  14. Ludtke R, Kunz B, Seeber N, Ring J. Test-retest-reliability and validity of the Kinesiology muscle test. Complement Ther Med 2001;9(3):141-145. https://doi.org/10.1054/ctim.2001.0455
  15. Wuthrich B. Unproven techniques in allergy diagnosis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2005;15(2):86-90.
  16. Teuber SS, Porch-Curren C. Unproved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to food allergy and intolerance. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;3(3):217-221. https://doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200306000-00011
  17. Hall S, Lewith G, Brien S, Little P. A review of the literature in applied and specialised kinesiology. Forsch Komplement Med 2008;15(1):40-46. https://doi.org/10.1159/000112820
  18. Peterson KB. A preliminary inquiry into manual muscle testing response in phobic and control subjects exposed to threatening stimuli. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996;19(5):310-316.
  19. Conable KM, Rosner AL. A narrative review of manual muscle testing and implications for muscle testing research. J Chiropr Med. 2011;10(3):157-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2011.04.001
  20. Rosner AL, Cuthbert SC. Applied kinesiology: distinctions in its definition and interpretation. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2012;16(4):464-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.04.008
  21. Schmitt WH Jr, Cuthbert SC. Common errors and clinical guidelines for manual muscle testing: "the arm test" and other inaccurate procedures. Chiropr Osteopat. 2008;16:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-16
  22. Schmitt WH Jr, Yanuck SF. Expanding the neurological examination using functional neurologic assessment: part II neurologic basis of applied kinesiology. Int J Neurosci 1999;97(1-2):77-108. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459908994304
  23. Conable K, Corneal J, Hambrick T, Marquina N, Zhang J. Electromyogram and force patterns in variably timed manual muscle testing of the middle deltoid muscle. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2006;29(4):305-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.03.002
  24. Cuthbert SC, Rosner AL, McDowall D. Association of manual muscle tests and mechanical neck pain: results from a prospective pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2011a;15(2):192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.11.001
  25. Dvir Z, Prushansky T. Cervical muscles strength testing: methods and clinical implications. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31(7):518-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.08.008
  26. Rider LG, Koziol D, Giannini EH, Jain MS, Smith MR, Whitney-Mahoney K, et al. Validation of manual muscle testing and a subset of eight muscles for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(4):465-472. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20035
  27. Giggey K, Tepe R. A pilot study to determine the effects of a supine sacroiliac orthopedic blocking procedure on cervical spine extensor isometric strength. J Chiropr Med. 2009;8(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2008.11.002
  28. Zampagni ML, Corazza I, Molgora AP, Marcacci M. Can ankle imbalance be a risk factor for tensor fascia lata muscle weakness? J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009;19(4):651-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.03.006
  29. Moncayo R, Moncayo H. Evaluation of Applied Kinesiology meridian techniques by means of surface electromyography (sEMG): demonstration of the regulatory influence of antique acupuncture points. Chin Med. 2009;4:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-4-9
  30. Leisman G, Shambaugh P, Ferentz AH. Somatosensory evoked potential changes during muscle testing. Int J Neurosci 1989;45(1-2):143-151. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207458908986227
  31. Leisman G, Zenhausern R, Ferentz A, Tefera T, Zemcov A. Electromyographic effects of fatigue and task repetition on the validity of estimates of strong and weak muscles in applied kinesiological muscle-testing procedures. Percept Mot Skills 1995; 80(3 Pt 1):963-977. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.963
  32. Caruso W, Leisman G. A force/displacement analysis of muscle testing. Percept Mot Skills 2000;91(2):683-692. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.91.2.683
  33. Caruso W, Leisman G. The clinical utility of force/displacement analysis of muscle testing in applied kinesiology. Int J Neurosci 2001;106(3-4):147-157. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207450109149745
  34. Perot C, Meldener R, Goubel F. Objective measurement of proprioceptive technique consequences on muscular maximal voluntary contraction during manual muscle testing. Agressologie. 1991;32(10 Spec No):471-474.
  35. Monti DA, Sinnott J, Marchese M, Kunkel EJ, Greeson JM. Muscle test comparisons of congruent and incongruent self-referential statements. Percept Mot Skills 1999;88(3 Pt 1):1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1999.88.3.1019
  36. Pollard H, Lakay B, Tucker F, Watson B, Bablis P. Interexaminer reliability of the deltoid and psoas muscle test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28(1):52-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.12.008
  37. Lawson A, Calderon L. Interexaminer agreement for applied kinesiology manual muscle testing. Percept Mot Skills 1997;84(2):539-546. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.2.539
  38. Schmitt WH Jr, Leisman G. Correlation of applied kinesiology muscle testing findings with serum immunologobulin levels for food allergies. Int J Neurosci. 1998;96(3-4):237-244. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459808986471
  39. Waxenegger I, Endler PC, Wulkersdorfer B, Spranger H. Individual prognosis regarding effectiveness of a therapeutic intervention using pre-therapeutic "kinesiology muscle test". ScientificWorldJournal 2007;7:1703-1707. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.257
  40. Moncayo R, Moncayo H, Ulmer H, Kainz H. New diagnostic and therapeutic approach to thyroid-associated orbitopathy based on applied kinesiology and homeopathic therapy. J Altern Complement Med 2004;10(4):643-650. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2004.10.643
  41. Pothmann R, von Frankenberg S, Hoicke C, Weingarten H, Ludtke R. Evaluation of applied kinesiology in nutritional intolerance of childhood. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2001;8(6):336-344. [Abstract]
  42. Gregory WM, Mills SP, Hamed HH, Fentiman IS. Applied kinesiology for treatment of women with mastalgia. Breast 2001;10(1):15-19. https://doi.org/10.1054/brst.2000.0176
  43. Caso ML. Evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kinesiology: a case report of low back pain and congenital intestinal abnormality. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2004;27(1):66 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2003.11.009
  44. Bablis P, Pollard H. Anxiety and depression profile of 188 consecutive new patients presenting to a Neuro-Emotional Technique practitioner. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(2):121-127. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.0805
  45. Cuthbert SC, Barras M. Developmental delay syndromes: psychometric testing before and after chiropractic treatment of 157 children. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;32(8):660-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.08.015
  46. Karpouzis F, Pollard H, Bonello R. A randomised controlled trial of the Neuro Emotional Technique (NET) for childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a protocol. Trials. 2009;10:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-10-6
  47. Cuthbert S, Rosner A. Applied kinesiology methods for a 10-year-old child with headaches, neck pain, asthma, and reading disabilities. J Chiropr Med. 2010;9(3):138-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2010.05.002
  48. Charles E. Chiropractic management of a 30-year-old patient with Parsonage-Turner syndrome. J Chiropr Med. 2011;10(4):301-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2011.02.005
  49. Cuthbert SC, Rosner AL. Conservative management of post-surgical urinary incontinence in an adolescent using applied kinesiology: a case report. Altern Med Rev. 2011b;16(2):164-171.
  50. Cuthbert SC, Rosner AL. Conservative chiropractic management of urinary incontinence using applied kinesiology: a retrospective case-series report. J Chiropr Med. 2012;11(1):49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2011.10.002
  51. Houle S. Chiropractic management of chronic idiopathic meralgia paresthetica: a case study. J Chiropr Med. 2012;11(1):36-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2011.06.008
  52. Hwang-Bo G, Lee JH, Kim HD3. Efficacy of kinesiology taping for recovery of dominant upper back pain in female sedentary worker having a rounded shoulder posture. Technol Health Care. 2013;21(6):607-612.