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Effects of Cultivation Environment and Fruit Ripeness on Microbial Load in Mulberry

재배환경 및 과실 숙도가 오디의 미생물학적 부하량에 미치는 영향

  • Ryu, Song Hee (Chemical Safety Division, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, NAS, RDA) ;
  • Yun, Bohyun (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Kim, Hye-Young (Jeonbuk Institute for Bioindustry) ;
  • Choi, Ah-Hyun (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Kim, Se-Ri (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Kim, Won-Il (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Ryu, Jae-Gee (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Han, Sanghyun (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA))
  • 류송희 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 윤보현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김혜영 (전라북도생물산업진흥원 연구개발실 소재연구팀) ;
  • 최아현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김세리 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김원일 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 류재기 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 한상현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀)
  • Received : 2016.10.12
  • Accepted : 2016.12.12
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the microbial loads in mulberry fruits depending on cultivation environment and fruit ripeness. The population levels of total aerobic bacteria in mulberry fruits collected from open field orchards were higher than those from three plots protected within plastic green houses. In regards to fruit ripeness, the levels of total aerobic bacteria in ripe black fruits were higher than those in unripe green and red mulberry. From the farms into where livestock animals were allowed to enter, Escherichia coli was detected in soil at a level of 4.26~4.94 log CFU/g and in mulberry fruits at 5.03~6.07 log CFU/g, while no coliform and E. coli were detected from where the intrusion of livestock was prevented. We also examined the density change of inoculated E. coli in mulberry fruits as they were becoming mature. While E. coli did not increase in green fruits, two and four log CFU/g increases at $20^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively, were observed with red and fully mature black mulberries during 48 hours incubation. To ensure the food safety of mulberry, it is suggested that the introduction of E. coli into a farm through livestock should be prevented and more hygienic caution should be taken especially when the fruits are ripe.

본 연구는 안전하고 위생적인 오디 생산을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 수행하였다. 오디 재배 농가 6개소를 방문하여 숙도별 오디 시료를 재배형태에 따라 수집하여 미생물 부하량을 분석하였다. 오디의 총 호기성 일반세균수를 요인분석한 결과 재배형태와 숙도의 상호작용은 없었고, 재배형태와 숙도가 각각 총 호기성세균 수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 재배형태에 따라서는 하우스 재배 오디에서 평균 5.32 log CFU/g, 노지 재배 오디에서 평균 6.88 log CFU/g이 검출되어 하우스 재배에 비해 노지 재배에서 총 호기성세균의 수가 유의적으로 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 숙도에 따라서는 초록색 오디에서 5.39 log CFU/g, 빨간색 오디에서 평균 4.32 log CFU/g, 검은색 오디에서 평균 7.32 log CFU/g로 검출되어 초록색 오디와 빨간색 오디에 비해 검은색 오디에서 총 호기성세균의 수가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 노지재배에서 외부환경에 오염원이 있을 경우 오디의 미생물 부하량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 가축출입이 없는 구역과 가축출입이 있는 구역의 토양과 오디 시료의 위생지표세균 수를 조사하였다. 가축출입이 없는 구역에서는 대장균군 및 대장균이 검출되지 않았으나 가축출입이 있는 구역의 경우 대장균이 토양에서 4.26~4.94 log CFU/g, 오디에서 5.03~6.07 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 뽕나무 밑에 닭을 키우거나 염소가 출입할 경우 가축분변에 의해 토양이 오염될 수 있고, 오염된 토양과의 접촉을 통해 오디에도 미생물이 오염될 가능성이 있다고 보인다. 따라서 생과용 오디 생산을 목적으로 뽕나무를 재배할 경우에는 농장 내에 가축 출입을 제한하고 토양이 오염되지 않도록 관리할 필요가 있다. 숙도가 증가할수록 오디의 미생물 오염도가 높아지는지를 분석하기 위해 숙도별 오디 (초록색, 빨간색, 검은색 오디)에 각각 대장균을 접종하여 시간의 흐름에 따른 대장균의 밀도변화를 조사하였다. 초록색 오디는 두 온도에서 모두 대장균이 증식하지 않았지만, 빨간색 오디와 검은색 오디 시료에서는 $20^{\circ}C$ 약 2 log CFU/g, $37^{\circ}C$ 약 4 log CFU/g 증가하였고, 빨간색 오디보다 검은색 오디에서 더 빠른 시간 내에 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 오디 열매가 익어갈수록 당도가 높아져 대장균이 증식하기 쉬우므로 오디가 유해 미생물에 오염되지 않도록 사전에 예방하는 것이 중요하다.

Keywords

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