Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Englishness represented in a Cottage Garden

코티지 가든에 표상된 영국성

  • Cho, Hye-Ryeong (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University)
  • 조혜령 (서울대학교 협동과정 조경학)
  • Received : 2016.11.14
  • Accepted : 2017.01.09
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Gardening activities, plant raising, and general flowerbeds the public makes today can be found in the original form of cottage gardens in the United Kingdom. A cottage garden is a popular garden style of modern Britain, implying unique Englishness including ethnic sense and vernacular. In addition, the purpose of this study is to consider the modern movement in the United Kingdom in the past 200 years and read Englishness of cottage gardens through style differentiation and background of occurrence of cottage gardens appearing in this process. Therefore, this study is summarized as follows. First, a view of nature of the Englishman loving freedom and landscape acts as a key part of patriotism and is connected to the preservation of idyllic England. For this ideal of the Englishman of the country, idyllic British characteristics are found in various literatures and artistic fruits; cottage gardens, that is a form of new garden, were made with invigoration of supply and collection of plants. Second, an early form of cottage gardens was the domestic garden, in which there is a vegetable garden by middle-class move to a suburb according to urbanization, but evolved into a form of garden having both artistry and regionality, vernacular, and ecological characteristics with various situations of modern society(handicraft promotion movement, preservation of remains, and ancient building restoration movement). Wild gardens occurring in this process are a type of garden realizing wild fields and forests in the United Kingdom;they have made a big impact on many garden designers up to now. Cottage gardens, reflecting a variety of Englishness, is a subject of city planning and flower shows and is a culture symbolizing the United Kingdom.

오늘날 대중들이 만드는 일반적인 화단의 형태나 식물 가꾸기 및 가드닝 활동은 영국의 코티지 가든(Cottage Garden)의 원형에서 찾아 볼 수 있다. 코티지 가든은 근대 영국에서 발생된 대중적 정원양식으로 민속성(Ethnic sense), 토착성(Vernacular)을 비롯하여 특유의 영국성(Englishness)을 함축하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 지난 200여 년 간의 영국의 근대적 움직임을 살펴보고 이러한 과정 속에 출현한 코티지 가든의 발생 배경과 그 특징 고찰하여 코티지 가든이 내포하고 있는 영국성을 읽어 내고자 하는데 그 목적을 두며, 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 자유와 풍경을 사랑하는 영국인의 자연관은 애국주의 핵심요소로 작동하여 전원적 잉글랜드의 보존과 연결된다. 이러한 시골에 대한 영국인들의 이상(Ideal)은 다양한 문학 및 예술적 산물로부터 영국인의 전원성을 발견할 수 있으며, 식물수집과 공급의 활성화와 함께 새로운 정원의 형태인 코티지 가든을 발생케 했다. 둘째, 초기 코티지 가든의 형태는 도시화에 따른 중산계층의 교외 이주로 인하여 채원이 존재하는 자급농원의 형태로 이루어졌으나, 다양한 근대사회의 상황과 맞물려(공예진흥 운동, 유적보호 및 고건물복구운동) 예술성과 지역성, 토착성, 생태성을 겸비한 정원의 형태로 진화되었다. 이러한 과정에서 발생된 와일드가든은 영국의 야생들판과 숲을 재현한 정원으로 현재에 이르기까지 많은 정원디자이너들에게 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 이러한 다양한 영국성이 투영된 코티지 가든은 도시계획, 플라워쇼의 주제로 등장하며, 영국을 상징하는 문화로 존재한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anzai, S. translated by Kim Y. G and J. H. Choi(2005) Paradoxes of the Hortus Apertus: Aesthetics of the English Landscape Garden, Seoul: SungKyunkwan University Press.
  2. Campbell, K.(2004) British Gardens in Time. Frances Lincoln Limited. pp. 92-153.
  3. Cho, H. R.(2016) The study about popularization of gardening and its Development process in the UK: Focused on the Royal Horticultural Society in the 19th century. J. of Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 44(3): 47-55. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2016.44.3.047
  4. Colls, R.(2004) Identity of England, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 204.
  5. Daniels, S.(1994) Fields of Vision: Landscape Imagery and National Identity in England and the United Stats, Polity Press, p. 211, 229.
  6. Groth, P. and T. W. Bressi(eds)(1997) Understanding Ordinary Landscape, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  7. Hauser, A. translated by N. C. Beak, M. W. Um(1999) The Social History of Art. Vol. 3. Seoul: Changbi Publisher Inc. pp. 3-6.
  8. Helmreich, A.(2002) The English Garden and National Identity: The Competing Styles of Garden Design, 1870-1914, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  9. Hwang, J. Y.(2014) Urban Parks as Modern Invention of London and Paris in Nineteen Century. Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University. Seoul, Korea.
  10. Hobsbawm, E. and T. Ranger translated by Park J. H., M. S. Jang (2004) The Invention of Tradition, 1983, Humanist.
  11. Hobhouse, P.(2004) Plants in Garden History. Pavilion Books. pp. 222-225.
  12. Hobhouse, P. translated by J. H. Choi, S. J. Yoon and J. H. Ko(2015) Garden History of Western. Seoul: Deaga.
  13. Hunt, J. D.(2012) World of Gardens. London: Reaktion Books Ltd.
  14. Hyams, E.(1971) A History of Gardens and Gardening, London: Pavilion Books Ltd.
  15. Joo, E. W.(2003) National identity in America and landscape in 19th-20th Century. Society and History 63, pp. 123-160.
  16. Kim, I. H., and K. Y. Huh(2008) The beginning and changes of cottage garden style in New Zealand. Journal of Korean Society for People Plants and Environment, 11(4): 83-96.
  17. Kingsbury, N.(1996) The Ultimate Planting Guide, Ward Lock Ltd.
  18. Korea Landscape Architecture Newspaper Article, no. 416, 6th October 2016, p. 5.
  19. Kumar, K.(2003) The Making of English National Identity, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  20. Lee, J. K.(2014) Find Out from the British Garden, Paju: Doseochulpan Hansup.
  21. Lowenthal, D.(1991) British National Identity and the English Landscape Rural History 2(2): 205-230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956793300002764
  22. MacCarthy, F.(2014) William Morris and His Legacy 1860-1960, New Haven: Yale University press.
  23. Marsh, J.(1982) Back to the Land:The Pastorial Impulse in Victorian England from 1880 to 1914. Quartet Books, p. 8.
  24. Morris, W., translated by H. K. Park(2008) News from Nowhere, Pilmac.
  25. Musgrave, t., C. Gardner and W. Musgrave. translated by Lee. C. S. (2004) The Plant Hunters, Seoul: Nexus Books.
  26. Owen, J.(2004) Gardens through Time: Celebrate 200 Years of Gardening with the Royal Horticultural Society. BBC Books.
  27. Park, E. Y. and H. S. Lee(2014) The characteristics of the late neoclassical style in American gardens: Focused on the analysis of Dumbarton Oaks by Beatrix Farrand. J. of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 32(2): 159-166. https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2014.32.2.159
  28. Park, E. Y.(2013) Emergence of natural gardens and differentiation of garden style. J. of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture: International Edition(11): 1-9.
  29. Park, E. Y. and S. J. Yoon(2013) Inference of the conceptual model of wild gardens: A comparative study of William Robinson and Gertrude Jekyll. J. of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 31(4): 62-69. https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2013.31.4.062
  30. Park, E. Y.(2010) A study on the method of color-centered planting design in the English gardens: Focusing on Munstead Wood, Sissinghurst, Great Dixter, Hidcote Manner. J. of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 28(1): 102-112., J. of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 28(4): 144-153.
  31. Park, E. Y.(2010) A study on the design method of flowering plants used in the English White Gardens: Focusing on Sissinghurst, Barrington Court. Built in the Early 20th Century.
  32. Park, J. H.(2006) Englishness, Very Englishness. Guiparang, pp. 57-139.
  33. Park, J. M., H. R. Cho and J. S. Sung(2016) A study on the progress and implication of garden city for the sustainable development. J. of Urban Planing. under examination.
  34. Peak, N. Y., J. S. Lee, and H. Kim(2014) The characteristics of traditional garden in the early national period in America: Focused on the analysis of Paca's Garden, Mount Vernon and Monticello. J. of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 32(4):132-142. https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2014.32.4.132
  35. RHS Annual Report 2014/2015.
  36. Ritson, C.(2003) The English Garden: A Social History, London: Penguin Books.
  37. Sung, J. S.(2012) Ideals represented in gardens: Focused in Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village and Monticello. J. of Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 40(1): 69-80. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2012.40.1.069
  38. Sung, J. S.(2016) The Life of Celebrity through Garden, Lafent (Noksacksiron).
  39. Wiener, M.(1992) English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit 1850-1980. Penguin. p. 72.
  40. Wilson, A.(2002) Influential Gardeners: The Designers Who shaped 20th-century Garden Style. London: Mitchell Beazley. p. 46.
  41. Wright, P.(1991) On Living inan Old County: The National Past in Contemporary Britain. Verso. p. 82.
  42. Yoon, S. J.(2008) Flower Show and Garden Culture in UK. Paju: Tree City.
  43. Yoon, S. J.(2009) Study of Garden Design in Chelsea Flower Sho in th UK: Focused on 2001-2009. J. of Environmental Studies.
  44. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings
  45. https://designawards.wordpress.com/category/garden-supplies/
  46. http://www.letchworth.com/gardeningcity
  47. https://www.liveauctioneers.com/