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Changes of Spatial Distribution of Korean fir Forest in Mt. Hallasan for the Past 10 Years(2006, 2015)

최근 10년(2006~2015년) 동안 한라산 구상나무림의 공간분포변화

  • Kim, Jong-Kab (Forest & Recreation Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province) ;
  • Koh, Jung-Goon (Research Department for Hallasan, World Heritage Office, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province) ;
  • Yim, Hyeong-Taek (Dongshin GTI CO,.LTD.) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Soon (Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, College of Applied Life Science)
  • 김종갑 (제주특별자치도 산림휴양과) ;
  • 고정군 (제주특별자치도 세계유산본부 한라산연구부) ;
  • 임형택 ((주)동신지티아이) ;
  • 김동순 (제주대학교 농학과)
  • Received : 2017.08.01
  • Accepted : 2017.11.15
  • Published : 2017.12.29

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of spatial distribution of Korean fir (Abies koreana E. H. Wilson) in Mt. Hallasan for the past 10 years. We examined the distribution and crown density between 2006 and 2015 and analyzed the elevation, direction, and regional characteristics. The total area of Korean fir was 626.0ha in 2015, which declined by 112.3ha accounting for 15.2% for the past 10 years compared to 738.3ha in 2006. For the past 10 years, the area of moderately dense Korean fir with the crown density of 41% to 70% decreased by 72.6ha while the area of dense Korean fir with the crown density of 71% or more deceased by 21.3ha. The area with an elevation between 1,510m and 1,600m showed the largest change, accounting for 32.6% of the total declining area. Regarding the distribution by the direction, the area in the southeastern direction decreased by 23.4ha while the area in the southeast and northeast centered on the eastern direction decreased by 62.3ha, which accounted for 55.5% of the total area. Regarding the change of the distribution of Korean fir forest area by the region, the decrease of the area from the Jindallaebat to the top of the mountain was the largest at 84.6ha, or 71.8% of the total decreased area. The Yeongshil Trail area decreased by 25.3ha or 21.5% of the total while the Keundurewat area decreased by 8.0ha or 6.8%. On the contrary, the Bangaeoreum area increased by 5.6ha. The results indicate the large decrease of area of Korean fir forest centered on a particular location of Mt. Hallasan. Considering the changes according to the elevation, direction, and regional characteristics, it can be attributed to increasing frequency of abnormal climates such as typhoons and droughts.

최근 10년 동안 한라산 구상나무림의 공간분포변화를 알아보기 위해 2006년과 2015년의 분포면적, 수관밀도를 조사하고 해발고도, 방위 및 지역별 특성을 분석하였다. 2015년 구상나무림의 전체 면적은 626.0ha로 조사되었는데, 2006년 738.3ha에 비해 10년 동안 15.2%에 해당되는 112.3ha가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 구상나무의 수관밀도가 41~70%에 해당되는 중밀도의 면적은 10년 동안 72.6ha가 감소하였고, 71% 이상의 조밀한 구상나무림도 21.3ha가 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 해발고도에 따라서는 1,510~1,600m 구간에서 전체 감소면적의 32.6%를 차지하여 가장 많은 변화를 보였다. 방위별로는 남동쪽이 23.4ha가 감소하였으며, 동쪽을 중심으로 남동과 북동의 면적 변화가 전체 면적의 55.5%인 62.3ha가 줄어든 것으로 나타났다. 지역별 구상나무림의 분포 변화는 진달래밭에서 정상에 이르는 지역이 전체 감소면적인 117.9ha중 71.8%에 해당되는 84.6ha가 감소하였으며, 영실등산로일대가 21.5%인 25.3ha, 큰두레왓일대는 6.8%인 8.0ha가 줄어든 반면 방애오름일대는 5.6ha가 증가된 것으로 분석되었다. 이들 구상나무림의 면적 감소는 해발고도, 방위 및 지역별 변화 상황을 고려하면 태풍, 가뭄 등의 이상기후의 증가가 주요 요인이 되어 한라산 특정 지역을 중심으로 크게 발생된 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

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