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광릉숲 내 봉선사천의 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집 특성 및 생물학적 하천평가

Community Characteristics and Biological Quality Assessment on Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Bongseonsa Stream in Gwangneung Forest, South Korea

  • 투고 : 2017.05.18
  • 심사 : 2017.12.07
  • 발행 : 2017.12.29

초록

광릉숲 생물권보전지역은 오랜 기간 보전 관리된 희귀 생태계로서 생물다양성 변화 모니터링 및 보전 연구가 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 그러나 하천 건강성 평가 지표로서 저서성 대형무척추동물의 다양성과 군집 특성에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 2016년 4월부터 9월까지 광릉숲을 관통하는 봉선사천 및 인근 계류에 대한 하천평가를 위해 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집분석을 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 저서성 대형무척추동물은 총 5문 8강 17목 56과 114종이 출현하였으며, 유수 지역에서 서식하는 하루살이목과 날도래목이 각각 30종(32.3%), 16종(17.2%)으로 다양성이 높았고, 오염된 하천에서 일반적으로 정착하는 실지렁이류(Tubificidae sp.), 개똥하루살이(Baetis fuscatus), 명주각다귀 KUa (Antocha KUa), 꼬마줄날도래(Cheumatopsyche brevilineata)의 출현빈도가 높게 나타났다. 섭식기능군에서는 모아먹는무리와 잡아먹는무리가 비교적 높게 출현하였고, 계류지역에서는 썰어먹는무리와 긁어먹는무리가 높게 나타났다. 서식기능군에서는 붙는무리와 굴파는무리가 우세하게 출현하였으며, 여울지역의 미소서식처 다양성을 대변하였다. 군집분석 결과, 우점도지수는 평균 $0.48{\pm}0.10$으로 분석되었으며, 광릉숲 계류의 GS 8에서 0.33으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 봉선사천 BS 1에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 다양도와 풍부도지수는 우점도지수와 반비례하여 나타났으며, 우점도가 낮은 GS 8의 다양도와 풍부도지수는 각각 2.53, 4.22로 나타났다. 하천의 군집안정성 분석 결과, 봉선사천은 저항력과 회복력이 높은 I특성군, 광릉숲 수계는 저항력과 회복력이 낮은 III특성군이 높은 것으로 나타나 광릉숲의 수계가 교란에 민감한 종들이 많이 분포하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 생물학적 수질평가에서는 저서성 대형무척추동물생태점수 $50.88{\pm}17.69$, 한국오수생물지수 $1.11{\pm}0.57$, 저서동물지수 $78.55{\pm}11.05$로 평가되었으며, 광릉숲 계류 GS 8에서 ESB (63점), KSI (0.55), BMI (89.9)로 가장 좋은 수환경과 수질 I등급인 최우선보호수역으로 나타났다. 그에 반에 봉선사천 BS 1에서는 ESB (25점), KSI (2.13), BMI (62.7)로 수질등급이 가장 낮은 III등급인 최우선개선수역으로 평가되었다. 전체적으로 광릉숲 내의 수계보다는 주변에 위치한 봉선사천의 수계에서 수서곤충의 다양성은 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 과거 연도별 종구성의 군집구조는 뚜렷한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

There have been many studies on monitoring of biodiversity changes and preservation of Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve (GFBR) in South Korea in recognition of the rare ecosystem that has been preserved for a long period. However, there are few studies on diversity and community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates as an indicator of stream health of GFBR. The purpose of this study was to assess the water quality of Bongseonsa Stream that penetrated through Gwangneung Forest and the nearby torrents by analyzing the benthic macroinvertebrates community during April to September 2016. The investigation collected a total of 114 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 56 families, 17 orders, 8 classes, and 5 phyla from the Bongseonsa Stream and Kwangneung Stream. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were the largest groups in species diversity with 30 species (32.3%) and 16 species (17.2%), respectively, and Tubificidae sp., Baetis fuscatus, Antocha KUa, and Cheumatopsyche brevilineata, which usually habit in contaminated streams, appeared frequently. Among the feeding function groups, the gatherers and hunters appeared relatively frequently, and the shredders and scrapers appeared frequently in the torrents. Among the habitat oriented groups, the clingers and burrower appeared more frequently and represented the microhabitats in the shallow areas. The result of the analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates community showed that the dominant index was $0.48{\pm}0.10$ in average while it was lowest with 0.33 in GS 8 of the Gwangneung Forest torrent and highest in BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream. The diversity and richness indices were inversely proportional to the dominant index and were 2.53 and 4.22, respectively, in GS 8 where the dominant index was low. The result of the analysis of community stability showed that area I, which had high resistance and restoration, was high in Bongseonsa Stream while the area III, which had low resistance and restoration, was high in Gwangneung Forest, indicating that the water system in Gwangneung Forest had a wider distribution of specifies sensitive to agitation. The biological water quality assessment showed ESB of $50.88{\pm}17.69$, KSI of $1.11{\pm}0.57$, and BMI of $78.55{\pm}11.05$. GS 8 of Gwangneung Forest torrent was judged to be the highest priority protective water area with the best water environment and I class water quality with ESB of 63, KSI of 0.55, and BMI of 89.9. On the contrary, BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream was judged to be the high priority improvement area that had the lowest water quality rating of III with ESB of 25, KSI of 2.13, and BMI of 62.7. Although the diversity of water beetle was higher in the water system of nearby Bongseonsa Stream than the water system inside the Gwangneung Forest, the annual community structure appeared to have distinct differences.

키워드

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