Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (한국해안·해양공학회논문집)

Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (한국해안·해양공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Three-dimensional Simulation of Wave Reflection and Pressure Acting on Circular Perforated Caisson Breakwater by OLAFOAM

OLAFOAM에 기초한 원형유공케이슨 방파제의 반사율 및 작용파압에 관한 3차원시뮬레이션

  • Lee, Kwang-Ho (Dept. of Energy and Plant Eng., Catholic Kwandong University) ;
  • Bae, Ju-Hyun (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., Graduate School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Gi (YUJOO E&C Co,. Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Do-Sam (Dept. of Civil Eng., Korea Maritime and Ocean Univ.)
  • 이광호 (가톨릭관동대학교 에너지플랜트공학과) ;
  • 배주현 (한국해양대학교 대학원 토목환경공학과) ;
  • 김상기 ((주)유주) ;
  • 김도삼 (한국해양대학교 건설공학과)
  • Received : 2017.11.25
  • Accepted : 2017.12.08
  • Published : 2017.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we proposed a new-type of circular perforated caisson breakwater consisting of a bundle of latticed blocks that can be applied to a small port such as a fishing port, and numerically investigated the hydraulic characteristics of the breakwater. The numerical method used in this study is OLAFOAM which newly added wave generation module, porous media analysis module and reflected wave control module based on OpenFOAM that is open source CFD software published under the GPL license. To investigate the applicability of OLAFOAM, the variations of wave pressure acting on the three-dimensional slit caisson were compared to the previous experimental results under the regular wave conditions, and then the performance for irregular waves was examined from the reproducibility of the target irregular waves and frequency spectrum analysis. As a result, a series of numerical simulations for the new-type of circular perforated caisson breakwaters, which is similar to slit caisson breakwater, was carried out under the irregular wave actions. The hydraulic characteristics of the breakwater such as wave overtopping, reflection, and wave pressure distribution were carefully investigated respect to the significant wave height and period, the wave chamber width, and the interconnectivity between them. The numerical results revealed that the wave pressure acting on the new-type of circular perforated caisson breakwaters was considerably smaller than the result of the impermeable vertical wall computed by the Goda equation. Also, the reflection of the new-type caisson breakwater was similar to the variation range of the reflection coefficient of the existing slit caisson breakwater.

본 연구에서는 어항 등과 같은 소규모 항에서 적용 가능한 격자블록결속에 의한 신형식의 원형유공케이슨을 제안하고, 이러한 방파제의 수리특성을 수치적으로 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 적용한 수치해석 코드는 최근들어 다양한 분야에서 공학적 문제해결을 위해 그 사용예가 급증하고 있는 공중사용허가서(오픈소스 기반) 라이선스 기반의 OpenFOAM(Open Field Operation and Manipulation)에 조파모듈, 투과층 해석모듈, 및 반사파 제어기능 등을 추가한 OLAFOAM을 적용하였다. 본 연구는 먼저, 1) 규칙파 하 3차원슬리트케이슨 방파제에서 파의 파압변동에 대해 기존의 실험 결과와 비교 검토하고, 2) 불규칙파를 조파하여 목표한 파의 재현과 주파수스펙트럼을 비교 검토하여 OLAFOAM의 타당성을 검증하였다. 이로부터 슬리트케이슨과 유사한 원형유공케이슨이 설치된 일정수심의 3차원수치파동수조에 불규칙파를 조파하여 유수실 폭과 유의파고 및 유의주기의 변화에 따른 원형유공케이슨 방파제에서 월파량, 반사율, 파압분포 및 그들의 상호연관성을 면밀히 검토 분석하였다. 이로부터 파압분포는 불투과연직벽체에 대한 Goda 식의 결과보다 매우 작은 결과를 나타내었으며, 반사율은 기존의 슬리트케이슨에서 반사율의 변동범위 내에 존재하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Billstein, M., Svensson, U. and Johansson, N. (1999). Development and validation of a numerical model of flow through embankment dams-comparisons with experimental data and analytical solutions. Transport in Porous Media, 35(3), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006531729446
  2. Boivin, R. (1964). Comments on vertical breakwaters with low coefficients of reflection, The Dock and Harbour Authority, London.
  3. Chen, L.F., Zang, J., Hillis, A.J., Morgan, G.C.J. and Plummer, A.R. (2014). Numerical investigation of wave-structure interaction using OpenFOAM. Ocean Engineering, 88, 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.06.003
  4. Chen, X.F., Li, Y.C., Ma, B.L., Jiang, J.J. and Lu, G.R. (2005). Calculating method of irregular wave pressures on components of perforated caissons with top cover. China Offshore Platform, 20(4), 1-9 (in Chinese).
  5. Chen, X., Li, Y. and Teng, B. (2007). Numerical and simplified methods for the calculation of the total horizontal wave force on a perforated caisson with a top cover. Coastal Engineering, 54(1), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.08.002
  6. Chen, X., Li, Y.C., Wang, Y.X., Dong, G.H. and Bai, X. (2003). Numerical simulation of wave interaction with perforated caissons breakwaters. China Ocean Engineering, 17(1), 33-43.
  7. del Jesus, M. (2011). Three-dimensional interaction of water waves with maritime structures, University of Cantabria, Ph.D. thesis.
  8. Engelund, F. (1953). On the laminar and turbulent flow of ground water through homogeneous sand, Transactions of the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences, 3.
  9. Franco, C. and Franco, L. (1999). Overtopping formulas for caisson breakwaters with nonbreaking 3D waves. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 125(2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1999)125:2(98)
  10. Fugazza, M. and Natale, L. (1992). Hydraulic design of perforated breakwaters. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 118(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1992)118:1(1)
  11. Garrido, J.M. and Medina, J.R. (2012). New neural networkderived empirical formulas for estimating wave reflection on Jarlan-type breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 62, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.12.003
  12. Ghosal, S., Lund, T., Moin, P. and Akselvoll, K. (1995). A dynamic localization model for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mechanics, 286, 229-255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112095000711
  13. Goda, Y. (2000). Random seas and design of maritime structures, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore.
  14. Goda, Y. (1988). Statistical variability of sea state parameters as a function of wave spectrum. Coastal Engineering in Japan, JSCE, 31(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/05785634.1988.11924482
  15. Goda, Y. and Suzuki, Y. (1977). Estimation of incident and reflected waves in random wave experiments. ICCE-1976, ASCE, 828-845.
  16. Higuera, P., Lara, J.L. and Losada, I.J. (2013). Realistic wave generation and active wave absorption for Navier-Stokes models: Application to OpenFOAM(R). Coastal Engineering, 71, 102-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.07.002
  17. Higuera, P., Lara, J.L. and Losada, I.J. (2014a). Three-dimensional interaction of waves and porous coastal structures using Open-FOAM(R). Part I: Formulation and Validation, Coastal Engineering, 83, 243-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.08.010
  18. Higuera, P., Lara, J.L. and Losada, I.J. (2014b). Three-dimensional interaction of waves and porous coastal structures using Open-FOAM(R). Part II: Application, Coastal Engineering, 83, 259-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.09.002
  19. Higuera, P., Losada, I.J. and Lara, J.L. (2015). Three-dimensional numerical wave generation with moving boundaries. Coastal Engineering, 101, 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.04.003
  20. Horgue, P., Soulaine, C., Franc, J., Guibert, R. and Debenest, G. (2015). An open-source toolbox for multiphase flow in porous media. Computer Physics Communications, 187, 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2014.10.005
  21. Huang, Z., Li, Y. and Liu, Y. (2011). Hydraulic performance and wave loadings of perforated/slotted coastal structures: A review. Ocean Engineering, 38(10), 1031-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.03.002
  22. Jarlan, G.E. (1961). A perforated vertical wall breakwater. Dock and Harbour Authority XII (486), 394-398.
  23. Jacobsen, N.G., Fuhrman, D.R. and Fredsoe, J. (2012). A wave generation toolbox for the open-source CFD library: Open-Foam(R). International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 70(9), 1073-1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.2726
  24. Jensen, B., Jacobsen, N.G. and Christensen, E.D. (2014). Investigations on the porous media equations and resistance coefficients for coastal structures. Coastal Engineering, 84, 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.11.004
  25. Jiang, J.J. (2004). Experimental study on vertical wave forces acting on perforated caissons, Master Thesis. Dalian University of Technology (in Chinese).
  26. Kim, I.C., Park, K.C. and Park, H.J. (2017). Experimental study on hydraulic performance of perforated wall breakwater with turning wave blocks. Proceedings of Coastal and Ocean Engineering in Korea, 210 (in Korean).
  27. Kissling, K., Springer, J., Jasak, H., Schutz, S., Urban, K. and Piesche, M. (2010). A coupled pressure based solution algorithm based on the volume-of-fluid approach for two or more immiscible fluids, European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ECCOMAS CFD.
  28. Kondo, H. (1979). Analysis of breakwaters having two porous walls, Coastal Structures-79, ASCE, Alexandria, VA, 962-977.
  29. Lee, K.H., Bae, J.H., An, S.W., Kim, D.S. and Bae, K.S. (2016). Numerical analysis on wave characteristics around submerged breakwater in wave and current coexisting field by OLAFOAM. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 28(6), 332-349 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2016.28.6.332
  30. Lee, K.H., Choi, H.S., Baek, D.J. and Kim, D.S. (2010). Two and three dimensional analysis about the reflection coefficient by the slit caisson and resulting wave pressure acting on the structure. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 22(6), 374-386 (in Korean).
  31. Lee, K.H., Choi, H.S., Kim, C.H., Kim, D.S. and Cho, S. (2011). The Study on the wave pressure of the tsunami acting on the permeable structure. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 23(1), 79-92 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2011.23.1.079
  32. Li, Y.C., Chen, X.F., Sun, D.P., Liu, Y., Jiang, J.J. and Ma, B.L. (2005a). The calculation of horizontal wave forces on perforated caisson with top cover. China Offshore Platform, 20(1), 1-6 (in Chinese).
  33. Li, Y.C., Dong, G.H., Liu, H.J. and Sun, D.P. (2003a). The reflection of oblique incident waves by breakwaters with double-layered perforated wall. Coastal Engineering, 50, 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2003.08.001
  34. Li, Y.C., Jiang, J.J., Ma, B.L., Sun, D.P. and Liu, Y. (2005b). Calculation of irregular wave forces acting on perforated caisson. China Offshore Platform, 20(2), 12-19 (in Chinese).
  35. Li, Y.C., Liu, H.J. and Sun, D.P. (2003b). Analysis of wave forces induced by the interaction of oblique incident waves with partially-perforated caisson structures. Journal of Hydrodynamics Series A, 18(5), 553-563 (in Chinese).
  36. Li, Y.C., Liu, H.J., Teng, B. and Sun, D.P. (2002). Reflection of oblique incident waves by breakwaters with partially-perforated wall. China Ocean Engineering, 16(3), 329-342.
  37. Lin, Z., Guo, Y., Jeng, D.S., Rey, N. and Liao, C. (2015). An integrated finite element method model for wave-soil-pipeline interaction, Proceedings of IAHR.
  38. Liu, Y., Li, Y.C., Teng, B. and Ma, B.L. (2007). Reflection of regular and Irregular waves from a partially-perforated caisson breakwater with a rockfilled core. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 26(3), 129-141.
  39. Liu, Y., Li, Y.C., Teng, B., Jiang, J.J. and Ma, B.L. (2008). Total horizontal and vertical forces of irregular waves on partially perforated caisson breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 55, 537-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.02.005
  40. Liu, Y., Li, Y.C., Teng, B. and Jiang, J.J. (2006). Experimental and theoretical investigation of wave forces on a partially-perforated caisson breakwater with a rock filled core. China Ocean Engineering, 20(2), 179-198.
  41. Liu, H.J. (2003). The Interaction between oblique incident waves and caisson structures with perforated wall. Doctoral Thesis, Dalian University of Technology (in Chinese).
  42. Ma, B.L. (2004). Wave interaction with perforated vertical wall breakwater, Master Thesis. Dalian University of Technology (in Chinese).
  43. Meringolo, D.D., Aristodemo, F. and Veltri, P. (2015). SPH numerical modeling of wave-perforated breakwater interaction. Coastal Engineering, 101, 48-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.04.004
  44. Oh, S.H., Ji, C.H., Lee, D.S., Oh, Y.M. and Jang, S.C. (2013). Comparison of horizontal wave forces due to regular waves acting on the single-and double-chamber caisson. Proceedings of Coastal and Ocean Engineering in Korea, 1-4 (in Korean).
  45. Park, W.S., Won, D.H. and Seo, J.H. (2016). An interlocking caisson breakwater with fillers. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 64(8), 28-32 (in Korean).
  46. Safti, H. (2013). A numerical wave-structure-soil interaction model for monolithic breakwaters subject to breaking wave impact. Ports 2013, ASCE, 1974-1984.
  47. Seo, J.H., Lee, J.H., Park, W.S. and Won, D.H. (2015). Dispersion characteristics of wave force on interlocking caisson breakwaters by cross cables. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 27(5), 315-323 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2015.27.5.315
  48. Suh, K.D., Park, J.K. and Park, W.S. (2006). Wave reflection from partially perforated-wall caisson breakwater. Ocean Engineering, 33(2), 264-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.11.015
  49. Tabet-Aoul, E. and Lambert, E. (2003). Tentative new formula for maximum horizontal wave forces acting on perforated caisson. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, 129(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2003)129:1(34)
  50. Tanimoto, K., Takahashi, S. and Kitatani, T. (1981). Experimental study of impact breaking wave forces on a vertical-wall caisson of composite breakwater. Report of Port and Harbour Research Institute, 20(2), 3-39.
  51. Tanimoto, K. and Yoshimoto, Y. (1982). Theoretical and experimental study of reflection coefficient for wave dissipating caisson with a permeable front wall. Report of the Port and Harbour Research Institute, 21(3), 44-77.
  52. Takahashi, S. (1996). Design of vertical breakwaters, Reference Document No. 34, Port and Harbour Research Institute, Japan.
  53. Takahashi, S., Tanimoto, K. and Shimosako, S. (1992). Experimental study of impulsive pressures on composite breakwaters. Report of Port and Harbour Research Institute, 31(5), 35-74.
  54. Tamrin, P.S., Parung, H. and Thaha, A. (2014). Experimental study of perforated concrete block breakwater. International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS, 14(03), 6-10.
  55. Tanimoto, K., Haranaka, S., Takahashi, S., Komatsu, K., Todoroki, M. and Osato, M. (1976). An experimental investigation of wave reflection, overtopping and wave forces for several types of breakwaters and sea walls. Tech. Note of Port and Harbour Res. Inst, 246 (in Japanese).
  56. Tanimoto, K. and Takahashi, S. (1994). Design and construction of caisson breakwaters-the Japanese experience. Coastal Engineering, 22, 57-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(94)90048-5
  57. Teng, B., Zhang, X.T. and Ning, D.Z. (2004). Interaction of oblique waves with infinite number of perforated caissons. Ocean Engineering, 31(5), 615-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2003.08.001
  58. van Gent, M.R.A. (1995). Porous flow through rubble-mound material. J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, 121(3), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1995)121:3(176)
  59. Wang, Y.X., Ren, X.Z., Dong, P. and Wang, G.Y. (2011). Threedimensional numerical simulation of wave interaction with perforated quasi-ellipse caisson. Water Science and Engineering, 4(1), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.01.005
  60. Wroniszewski, P.A., Verschaeve, J.C. and Pedersen, G.K. (2014). Benchmarking of Navier-Stokes codes for free surface simulations by means of a solitary wave. Coastal Engineering, 91, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.04.012