Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management (한국기록관리학회지)

Korean Society of Archives and Records Management (한국기록관리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Case Study of Transcription Programs Based on Citizens' Contribution to Overseas Archival Institutions

해외 기록관의 시민 참여 전사 프로그램 사례 연구

  • 김지현 (이화여자대학교 사회과학대학 문헌정보학과)
  • Received : 2017.10.17
  • Accepted : 2017.11.02
  • Published : 2017.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aimed to examine conceptual discussions in transcription programs based on citizens' contribution and to discuss the operation and implications of the transcription program by investigating cases on transcribing records held in overseas archival institutions. With regard to conceptual discussions, the study identified the characteristics and significance of the transcription programs predicated on the notions of citizen archivists, participatory archives, and crowdsourcing. For case analysis, the study selected five transcription programs in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, which are known to be managed successfully. The analysis was conducted following six criteria, including institution and goals, records for transcription, management of participation, infrastructure, policies and guidelines, and evaluation. The transcription programs were differentiated from community archives based on self-directed participation as the programs had a specific goal to improve access to historical records moderated by institutions. Therefore, it is necessary that strategies be built to attract the sustainable participation of the public. In this respect, the study made the following suggestions to domestic services similar to the cases. The purpose of a program needs to be described, and the topics, creators, and record types that could induce interests have to be considered when selecting transcription records. It is also important that a partnership is made with a small number of participants who made a significant contribution to the program and to provide interface and tasks for the transcription, which meet the participants' needs. In addition, it is necessary that simple and effective guidelines for transcription and policies be provided for use in transcription results, and that visible participants' contribution is recognized by applying the transcription results actively to search and access records.

본 연구는 해외 기록관에서 소장하고 있는 기록을 대상으로 시민들의 참여를 통해 전사를 수행하는 사례를 분석함에 있어 이와 관련된 개념적 논의를 조사하고 사례분석을 통해 운영현황 및 시사점을 논의하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 개념적 논의에서는 시민 아키비스트, 참여형 아카이브, 크라우드소싱의 세 가지 개념을 바탕으로 시민 참여 전사 프로그램의 특징과 의의를 살펴보았다. 사례분석을 위해 미국과 영국, 호주에서 성공적으로 운영되고 있는 전사 프로그램 5개를 분석 대상으로 선정하였으며 기관 및 목적, 전사 대상 기록, 참여 관리, 인프라, 정책 및 가이드라인, 평가의 6가지 측면에서 분석을 수행하였다. 이러한 전사 프로그램들은 역사기록의 접근 향상이라는 구체적인 목표를 가지고 기관의 조율에 의해 운영되므로 자발적인 참여에 의해 운영되는 공동체 아카이브와는 차이가 있다. 따라서 시민들의 지속적인 참여 유도를 위한 방안을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 이러한 측면에서 국내의 유사한 서비스에 대한 시사점으로 전사 프로그램의 목적을 명확히 서술하고 전사 대상 기록 선정 시 이용자의 관심을 유도할 수 있는 주제, 기록생산자, 기록 유형을 고려하는 것이 필요함을 제안하였다. 또한 기여도가 높은 소수의 참여자들과 파트너십을 형성할 것과 참여자 요구에 부합하는 전사 인터페이스 및 과업을 제시할 것을 제안하였다. 이와 더불어 간결하고 효과적인 가이드라인 및 전사 결과물 활용에 대한 정책을 제시하고 전사 결과물을 기록 검색 및 접근에 적극적으로 활용함으로써 참여자들의 기여를 가시적으로 인정하는 것이 필요함을 제안하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 박진경, 김유승 (2016). 참여형 디지털 아카이브 활성화 방안 연구. 한국비블리아학회지, 28(2), 219-243.(Park, Jinkyung & Kim, You-seung (2016). A study on participatory digital archives. Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science, 28(2), 219-243.) https://doi.org/10.14699/KBIBLIA.2017.28.2.219
  2. 설문원 (2012). 로컬리티 기록화를 위한 참여형 아카이브 구축에 관한 연구. 기록학연구, 32, 3-44.(Seol, Moon-Won (2012). Building participatory digital archives for documenting localities. The Korean Journal of Archival Studies, 32, 3-44.)
  3. 현문수, 전보배, 이동현 (2014). 참여형 아카이브 구축 실행 방안 - 부산 영도 지역 조선(造船) 노동 아카이브를 구축을 위하여. 기록학연구, 42, 245-285.(Hyun, Moonsoo, Joen, Bobae, & Lee, Dong-Hyunn (2014). Implementing a model for developing participatory labor archives for shipbuilding labor digital archives in Young-do, Busan Metropolitan City. The Korean Journal of Archival Studies, 42, 245-285.)
  4. Bates, J., Lin, Y., & Goodale, P. (2016). A secret life of a weather datum. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://lifeofdata.org.uk/node/old-weather/Culture/
  5. Blaser, L. (2014). Old Weather: Approaching collections from a different angle. In: M. Ridge (Ed.) Crowdsourcing our cultural heritage (pp. 45-56). New York, NY: Ashgate Publishing.
  6. Causer, T. & Terras, M. (2014). "Many hands make light work. Many hands together make merry work": Transcribe Bentham and crowdsourcing manuscript collections. In: M. Ridge (Ed.) Crowdsourcing our cultural heritage (pp. 57-88). New York, NY: Ashgate Publishing.
  7. Causer, T. & Wallace, V. (2012). Building a volunteer community: Results and findings from Transcribe Bentham. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 6(2). Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/6/2/000125/000125.html
  8. Cox, R. J. (2009). Digital curation and the citizen archivist. Paper presented at DigCCurr2009: Digital Curation: Practice, Promise and Prospect, 102-107. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/2692/
  9. Cox, R. J. (2016). Is Professionalism Still an Acceptable Goal for Archivists in the Global Digital Society? In: University of Alberta Libraries, Archives, and Public Life: Around the World World-Wide Streamed Conference, May 11, 2016, Webinar. (Unpublished).
  10. D'Arcy, Z. (2014). The Hive: Crowdsourcing the description of collections. In: K. Theimer (Ed.) Description: Innovative practices for archives and special collections (pp. 1-16). Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.
  11. Dimeo, M. (2014). First Monday Library Chat: The University of Iowa's DIY History. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://recipes.hypotheses.org/3216
  12. Eveleigh, A. (2014). Crowding out the archivist? Locating crowdsourcing within the broader landscape of participatory archives. In: M. Ridge (Ed.) Crowdsourcing our cultural heritage (pp. 211-230). New York, NY: Ashgate Publishing.
  13. Ferriero, D. (2010, April 8). Re: No small change. [Blog comment]. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://aotus.blogs.archives.gov/2010/04/07/no-small-change/
  14. Holley, R. (2010). Crowdsourcing: How and why should libraries do it?. D-Lib Magazine, 16(3/4 March). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march10/holley/03holley.html
  15. Holley, R. (2012a). Crowdsourcing and Social Media at US National Archives (NARA). The Citizen Archivist Dashboard [Blog post]. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://rose-holley.blogspot.com/2012/08/crowdsourcing-and-social-media-at-us.html
  16. Holley, R. (2012b). National Archives of Australia embraces crowdsourcing and releases 'The Hive' [Blog post]. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://rose-holley.blogspot.com/2012/11/national-archives-of-australia-embraces.html
  17. Hood, C. (2017). Another Milestones for DIY History! [Blog post]. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://blog.lib.uiowa.edu/studio/2017/02/21/another-milestone-for-diy-history/
  18. Huvila, I. (2015). The unbearable lightness of participating? Revisiting the discourses of "participation" in archival literature. Journal of Documentation, 71(2), 358-386. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-01-2014-0012
  19. Kim, D. (2014, October 28). Crowdsourcing to preserve our nation's past. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/crowdsourcing-to-preserve-our-nations-history-553
  20. Marshall, A. (2015). How old whaling logs can help predict the future of climate change. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://www.citylab.com/environment/2015/12/how-old-whaling-logs-are-helping-scientists-learn-about-the-future-of-climate-change/421422/
  21. Mika, K. (2017, May 2). Why transcribe? [Blog post]. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://library.mcz.harvard.edu/blog/why-transcribe
  22. Noordegraaf, J., Bartholomew, A., & Eveleigh, A. (2014, April). Modeling crowdsourcing for cultural heritage. Paper presented at the annual conference of Museums and the Web, Baltimore, MA. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://mw2014.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/modeling-crowdsourcing-for-cultural-heritage/
  23. Old Weather (2013). Why Scientists Need You. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://classic.oldweather.org/why_scientists_need_you#why_readings_at_sea
  24. Parilla, L., & Ferriter, M. (2016). Social Media and Crowdsourced Transcription of Historical Materials at the Smithsonian Institution: Methods for Strengthening Community Engagement and Its Tie to Transcription Output. The American Archivist, 79(2), 438-460. https://doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-79.2.438
  25. Prelinger, R. (2010, April 11). Re: Why we need to find a term to replace "citizen archivist" [Blog comment]. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from http://archivesnext.com/?p=1214
  26. Ridge, M. (2014). Crowdsourcing our cultural heritage: Introduction. In: M. Ridge (Eds.), Crowdsourcing our cultural heritage (pp. 1-16). New York, NY: Ashgate Publishing.
  27. Rolan, G. (2017). Agency in the archive: a model for participatory recordkeeping. Archival Science, 17(3), 195-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-016-9267-7
  28. Splinder, P. (2014a). An evaluation of crowdsourcing and participatory archives projects for archival description and transcription. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/135630/content/Research%20Paper%20v3.pdf
  29. Splinder, P. (2014b). Crowdsourcing and participatory archives known projects. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/135632/content/Known%20Projects%20Crowdsourcing%20and%20Participatory%20Archives.pdf
  30. Theimer, K. (2010, April 9). Why we need to find a term to replace "citizen archivist" [Blog post]. http://archivesnext.com/?p=1214
  31. Theimer, K. (2014). What is the Professional Archivist's Role in the Evolving Archival Space?, Society of Georgia Archivists Annual Meeting Keynote Address, 2014. Provenance, Journal of the Society of Georgia Archivists, 32(1), 11-27.
  32. Wiley, E. (2013). DIY History. The American Archivist Reviews. Retrieved October 14, 2017, from https://www2.archivists.org/sites/all/files/DIY%20History.pdf
  33. Wolfe, J. & Saylor, N. (2014). DIY History: Redesigning a platform for a transcription crowdsourcing initiative. In: K. Theimer (Ed.) Outreach: Innovative practices for archives and special collections (pp. 153-166). Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.