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Diagnosing Railway Incident Response Manuals and Their Improvement

철도사고 대응매뉴얼 과부하에 대한 진단과 개선방안 연구

  • Received : 2016.09.26
  • Accepted : 2016.10.27
  • Published : 2016.10.31

Abstract

An emergency manual is designed to minimize the extent and effect of lives and assets; it is not designed to prevent an accident. There have been continuous arguments in terms of manual effectiveness regardless of the fact that much effort and great cost have been invested in emergency planning and operations. The problems are that there are a number of different emergency manuals, that these manuals are hard to understand and rarely used due to their complexity, that they provide little direction toward the taking of action, and that coordination is difficult between those involved; all of these problems are related to two different pieces of legislations that define emergency manuals in different ways in terms of the contents required. The study has tried to respond to these arguments by exploring relevant legislation to identify emergency manuals that can be used to respond to rail incidents/accidents, for which previous responses have seemed inefficient. Further, some parts of the emergency manual contents are found to overlap, including the ways of differentiating incident responses, personnel roles and responsibilities by types of accident, and threat levels, all of which has resulted in unnecessary pages of the manuals. In preparing and operating such manuals, this study recommends that one piece of legislation that directly affects rail undertakings must be applied in an effort to increase effectiveness.

비상대응계획은 사고의 예방보다는 신속한 대응을 통하여 인적 물적 피해를 최소화 하기 위한 목적으로 설계된다. 그러나 매뉴얼 작성 및 운용을 위하여 많은 노력과 비용을 지출함에도 불구하고 이의 효용성에 대한 논란은 계속되고 있다. 매뉴얼의 다양한 종류, 복잡함으로 인한 활용도 저하, 이해의 어려움, 비 현실성, 의사 판단의 제약, 상시 협력 부족 등과 관련된 많은 논란의 시작은 법에서 정하는 다양한 매뉴얼의 종류와 그 구성 내용의 상이함에서 비롯된다. 국내외 철도와 관련된 법률에서 철도운영기관 입장에서 마련하여야 하는 매뉴얼의 종류와 그 내용을 분석한 결과 2개의 법률인 '재난 및 안전관리 기본법'과 '철도안전법'에 따라 서로 다른 형태의 매뉴얼을 각각 마련해야 하는 문제가 있다. 이러한 법에 따라 철도운영기관이 모든 매뉴얼을 각각 작성 운영하는 것보다 한 개의 법(철도안전법) 적용으로만 한정하여 중복된 매뉴얼 생성 및 관리의 책임을 경감시킬 필요가 있다. 내용의 구성에서도 사고유형별, 위기수준별, 위치 별로 구분하여 비상 대응 내용에서의 불필요한 중복을 줄일 필요가 있고, 실제 사고에서 우선적으로 활용되는 내용들을 토대로 시간 순서에 따라 재구성 하는 방안을 제시함으로써 매뉴얼의 활용 성을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

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