대한인간공학회지 (Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea)

  • 제35권5호
  • /
  • Pages.413-423
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 1229-1684(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-8462(eISSN)
대한인간공학회 (Ergonomics Society of Korea)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Task Direction on the Maximal Pushing, Pulling, Twisting, and Grip Forces

  • 투고 : 2016.08.25
  • 심사 : 2016.10.03
  • 발행 : 2016.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objective:The aims of this study are to understand the effects of task (pushing, pulling, and clockwise and counter clockwise twisting) direction on the maximal output and their grip forces and to explore the relationship between the maximal output and the grip forces. Background: Knowing the normative maximal grip force is not enough to design a good hand tool. The industrial designers should understand the required grip forces in various motions toward a specific direction to make an effective and efficient hand tool. Method: Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in the series of isometric maximal output force tests. A custom-made force measuring equipment collected the output and the grip forces for three seconds. Force measurements along the vertical, coronal and sagittal axes were randomly repeated three times. Results: The pulling was strongest and the pushing was weakest in all directions. The effect of motion on the output forces varied in different directions. The corresponding grip force increased in the order of pushing, pulling, clockwise twisting, and counter clockwise twisting in all directions. The maximal output and their grip forces were highly correlated but the relationship was affected by motion and direction. The regression coefficient was greatest in pulling and smallest in clockwise twisting. Conclusion: The effect of motion on the output forces varied in different directions. The maximal output and their grip forces were correlated but the relationship was affected by motion and direction. Application: Findings of this study can be valuable information for industrial designers to develop more productive hand tools and work stations to help preventing the musculoskeletal disorders at work.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Angst, F., Drerup, S., Werle, S., Herren, D.B., Simmen, B.R. and Goldhahn, J., Prediction of grip and key pinch strength in 978 healthy subjects. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 11, 94, 2010. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-94
  2. Balogun, J.A., Adenlola, S.A. and Akinloye, A.A., Grip strength normative data for the harpenden dynamometer. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 14(4), 155-160, 1991. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1991.14.4.155
  3. Berme, N., Paul, J.P. and Purves, W.K., A biomechanical analysis of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Journal of Biomechanics, 10(7), 409-412, 1977. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(77)90017-3
  4. Boissy, P., Bourbonnais, D., Carlotti, M.M., Gravel, D. and Arsenault, B.A., Maximal grip force in chronic stroke subjects and its relationship to global upper extremity function. Clinical Rehabilitation, 13(4), 354-362, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921599676433080
  5. Bystrom, S.E. and Fransson-Hall, C., Acceptability of intermittent handgrip contractions based on physiological response. Human Factors, 36(1), 158-171, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872089403600110
  6. Bystrom, S.E. and Kilbom, A., Physiological response in the forearm during and after isometric intermittent handgrip. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 60(6), 457-466, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705037
  7. Dempsey, P.G. and Ayoub, M.M., The influence of gender, grasp type, pinch width and wrist position on sustained pinch strength. Interantional Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 17, 259-273, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(94)00108-1
  8. Gunther, C.M., Burger, A., Rickert, M. and Schulz, C.U., Key pinch in healthy adults: normative values. J Hand Surg Eur, Vol, 33(2), 144-148, 2008. doi:10.1177/1753193408087031
  9. Jung, M.-C., Kim, D.-M. and Kong, Y.-K., Evaluation of individual finger force to grip strength in various grip spans and hand sizes. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 26(3), 59-65, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2007.26.3.059
  10. Kinoshita, H., Kawai, S. and Ikuta, K., Contributions and co-ordination of individual fingers in multiple finger prehension. Ergonomics, 38(6), 1212-1230, 1995. doi:10.1080/00140139508925183
  11. Kisner, C. and Colby, L.A., (2012). Chapter 3. Range of Motion Therapeutic Exercise (2012). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis.
  12. Kong, Y.-K., Park, H., Kim, D., Lee, T., Roh, E., Lee, S. and Kang, H.-S., A Study on the Difference of Total Grip Strength and Individual Finger Force between Dominant and Non-dominant Hands in Various Grip Spans of Pliers. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 32(6), 503-509, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2013.32.6.503
  13. Kong, Y.-K., Sohn, S.-T., Kim, D.-M. and Jung, M.-C., Grip force, finger force, and comfort analyses of young and old people by hand tool handle shapes. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 28(2), 27-34, 2009.
  14. Lee, S.J., Kong, Y.K., Lowe, B.D. and Song, S., Handle grip span for optimising finger-specific force capability as a function of hand size. Ergonomics, 52(5), 601-608, 2009. doi:10.1080/00140130802422481
  15. Li, Z.M., Latash, M.L., Newell, K.M. and Zatsiorsky, V.M., Motor redundancy during maximal voluntary contraction in four-finger tasks. Experimental Brain Research.Experimentelle Hirnforschung.Experimentation Cerebrale, 122(1), 71-78, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210050492
  16. Li, Z.M., Latash, M.L. and Zatsiorsky, V.M., Force sharing among fingers as a model of the redundancy problem. Experimental Brain Research.Experimentelle Hirnforschung.Experimentation Cerebrale, 119(3), 276-286, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210050343
  17. Lin, J.H., McGorry, R.W. and Maynard, W., One-handed standing pull strength in different postures: normative data. Appl Ergon, 44(4), 603-608, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2012.12.001
  18. Loren, G.J., Shoemaker, S.D., Burkholder, T.J., Jacobson, M.D., Friden, J. and Lieber, R.L., Human wrist motors: biomechanical design and application to tendon transfers. J Biomech, 29(3), 331-342, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00055-0
  19. Mathiowetz, V., Kashman, N., Volland, G., Weber, K., Dowe, M. and Rogers, S., Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 66(2), 69-74, 1985.
  20. Morse, J.L., Jung, M.C., Bashford, G.R. and Hallbeck, M.S., Maximal dynamic grip force and wrist torque: the effects of gender, exertion direction, angular velocity, and wrist angle. Appl Ergon, 37(6), 737-742, 2006. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2005.11.008
  21. National Research Council, and Institute of Medicine. Musculoskeletal disorders and the workplace: Low back and upper extremities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 2001.
  22. Ohtsuki, T., Decrease in grip strength induced by simultaneous bilateral exertion with reference to finger strength. Ergonomics, 24(1), 37-48, 1981. doi:10.1080/00140138108924828
  23. Patkin, M., (2001). A check-list for handle design. Web Page. http://ergonomics.uq.edu.au/eaol/handle.pdf
  24. Rohmert, W., Problems in determining rest allowances Part 1: use of modern methods to evaluate stress and strain in static muscular work. Applied Ergonomics, 4(2), 91-95, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(73)90082-3
  25. Seo, N.J., Dependence of safety margins in grip force on isometric push force levels in lateral pinch. Ergonomics, 52(7), 840-847, 2009. doi:10.1080/00140130802578555
  26. Seo, N.J., Armstrong, T.J., Ashton-Miller, J.A. and Chaffin, D.B., The effect of torque direction and cylindrical handle diameter on the coupling between the hand and a cylindrical handle. J Biomech, 40(14), 3236-3243, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.04.023
  27. Seo, N.J., Armstrong, T.J. and Young, J.G., Effects of handle orientation, gloves, handle friction and elbow posture on maximum horizontal pull and push forces. Ergonomics, 53(1), 92-101, 2010. doi:10.1080/00140130903389035
  28. Shim, J.K., Huang, J., Hooke, A.W., Latsh, M.L. and Zatsiorsky, V.M., Multi-digit maximum voluntary torque production on a circular object. Ergonomics, 50(5), 660-675, 2007. doi:10.1080/00140130601164516
  29. Shivers, C.L., Mirka, G.A. and Kaber, D.B., Effect of grip span on lateral pinch grip strength. Hum Factors, 44(4), 569-577, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024496999
  30. SizeKorea. (2012). Muscle strength database. http://sizekorea.kats.go.kr/ http://sizekorea.kats.go.kr/
  31. Vandervoort, A.A., Sale, D.G. and Moroz, J., Comparison of motor unit activation during unilateral and bilateral leg extension. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology, 56(1), 46-51, 1984.