Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Death Education Program on Self-Esteem, Spiritual Well-Being, and Pain of Adults

죽음교육 프로그램이 성인의 자아존중감, 영적안녕, 통증에 미치는 효과

  • Kim, Bock-Ryun (Department of Nursing, Cheong-Ju St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Oh, Chung-uk (Department of Nursing, Korea National University of Transportation) ;
  • Kang, Hye-kyung (Department of Nursing, Nam-Bu University)
  • Received : 2016.07.23
  • Accepted : 2016.09.09
  • Published : 2016.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a death education program on self-esteem, spiritual well-being, and pain in adults. This investigations employed a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design, and was performed in C hospital located in Chungju, Chungcheongbukdo province, Korea from January 4-13, 2016. The study included 48 participants who agreed to enrolled. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group of 22 and 26 applicants each. Participants (n=22) in the experimental group participated in the death education program for 2 hours, three times a week for 2 weeks. The effects of treatment were measured using a structured questionnaire to evaluate self-esteem, spiritual well-being, and pain before and after 2 weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed using a t-test, chi-squared test, Fisher's Exact-test and a paired t-test. The experimental group showed significantly increased self-esteem (P<0.002) and spiritual well-being (P<0.015), and significantly reduced pain (P<0.014) compared to the control group after 2 weeks of intervention. Overall, the death education program was shown to be an effective nursing intervention for adults; therefore, of its use in various fields should be considered.

본 연구의 목적은 죽음교육 프로그램이 성인의 자아 존중감, 영적 안녕, 통증에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 데에 있다. 연구의 설계는 비 동등 대조군 실험 연구이며, 충청북도 청주시의 C병원에서 2016년 01월 04일부터 13일까지 시행하였다. 본 연구는 참가에 동의한 48명을 대상으로 하였고, 실험군과 대조군에 각각 22, 26 명의 참가자를 무작위로 나누어 배정하였다. 실험군의 참가자들(n=22)은 매 회 2 시간, 주 3회, 2 주간에 걸쳐 죽음교육을 받았다. 실험 처치 효과는 2 주간의 중재 전, 후에 자아 존중감, 영적 안녕, 통증에 대한 구조화된 설문지를 통하여 측정하였다. 자료들은 t-test, chi-square test, Fisher Exact-test and paired t-test를 사용하여 분석하였다. 2 주간의 중재 후 대조군에 비해 실험군은 자아 존중감 (P<.002), 영적 안녕 (P<.015)이 유의하게 증가하였고, 통증 (P<.014)은 유의하게 감소하였다. 죽음교육 프로그램은 성인에게 효과적인 간호 중재로 보인다. 그러므로, 죽음교육 프로그램을 현장에서 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 고려해 볼 수 있겠다.

Keywords

References

  1. Y. J. Lee, G. H. Jo, H. J. Lee, Understanding Thanatology, Seoul, Hakjisa, 2006.
  2. J. H. Kim, Y. U. Kang, K. Ryu, J. I. Rie, "Predictors of Ego-Integrity in the Concept of Successful Aging among the Elders", Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 115-130, 2009.
  3. M. J. Han, J. Y. Choi, "Study about the Relation of the Purpose in Life and the Death Anxiety", Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 167-181, 1999.
  4. Ho. Ryu, "Death anxiety among the middle aged and the elderly", Unpublished Master' thesis, Seoul, Sungshin Women's University, 2004.
  5. J. T. Oh, The last present. Seoul, Sejongbooks, 2007.
  6. E. M. Hyun, "Effect of Death Education Program for University Students", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 4220-4228, 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.7.4220
  7. K. A. Kang, "Development and effects of death preparation education for middle-aged adults", Korean Journal of Hospice Palliative Care, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 204-211, 2011.
  8. J. T. Oh, C. G. Kim, "Effects of Death Education on Attitude toward Death and Depression in Older Adults", Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 51-69, 2009.
  9. S. H. Kim, S. W. Byun, "Analysis of the trends of research education on death", Journal of Digital Convergence, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 469-475, 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.12.469
  10. V. G. Cicireli, A. P. MacLean., L. S. Cox., "Hastening death: A comparison of two end-of life decisions", Death Studies, vol. 24, pp. 401-419, 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180050045656
  11. Y. B. Kwak, S. H. Ko, H. K. Kim, "The effects of alcohol use, depression, and self-esteem on suicidal ideation of middle aged", The journal of Digital Policy&Management, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 221-228, 2013.
  12. M. O. Yoon, "The effects of a death preparing education program on death anxiety, spiritual well-being, and meaning of life in adults", Jornal of Korean Academy Comunity Health Nursing, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 513-521, 2009.
  13. J. E. Thomson, "The place of spiritual well-being in hospice patients' overall quality of life", Hospice Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 13-27, 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j011v15n02_02
  14. C. P. Hermann, "Spiritual needs of dying patients: a qualitative life", Oncology Nursing Forum, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 67-72, 2001.
  15. F. Efficace, R. Marrone, "Spiritual issues and quality of life assessment in cancer care", Death Study, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 743-756, 2002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180290106526
  16. JJ. Mytko, SJ. Knight. Body, Mind, and Spirit: Towards the intergration of religiosity and spirituality in cancer quality of life research. Psychology, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 439-450, 1999. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1611(199909/10)8:5<439::aid-pon421>3.3.co;2-c
  17. H. U. Youm, S, D, Cheung, W. S. Seo, Bon-Hoon Koo, Dai-Seg Bai, "The relationship of spiritual well-being and anxiety, depression and quality of life in active old age", Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 27-42, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2005.22.1.27
  18. M. A. Burkhardt, & M. G. Nagai-Jacobson, Spirituality: Living in our connectedness. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson, 2002.
  19. J. Georgesen, & J. Dungan., "Managing spiritual distress in patients with advenced cancer pain", Cancer Nursing, vol. 19, pp. 376-383, 1996. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-199610000-00007
  20. J. R.Kim, "The Death Preparation Education Program Effects of Middle Aged women's Attitude towards Death and the Meaning of Life", Unpublished Master's thesis, Pusan, Pusan Catholic University, 2013
  21. K. S. Yang, "A study on the program development of death education: centering on institute of continuing education", Unpublished Master' thesis, Seoul, Yonsei University, 2009.
  22. M. Rosenberg, "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale", American Psychological Association, 1965. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/t01038-000.
  23. K. R. Jeon, & M. H. Lee, "A study on the need, self-esteem, and aesthetic surgery attitude of female" Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 71-83, 2002.
  24. J. H. Kang, "A Investigate Study on Spiritual Wellbeing of Cancer Patients", Unpublished Master' thesis, Pusan, Pusan University, 1996.
  25. H. Seidel, J. Ball, J. Dains, J. Flyn, Mosby's Guide to Physical Examination, 7th edition, Seoul, Elsevire Korea Publisher, 2012.
  26. M. E. Cline, J. Herman, E. Shaw, & R. D. Morter, "Standardization of visual analogue scale", Nursing Research, vol. 41, pp. 378-380, 1992. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199211000-00013
  27. Y. O. Yeo, "A study on the relationship among self-esteem, activity of daily living, and depresson of elderly with chronic disease", Unpublished Master' thesis, Seoul, Hanyang University, 2000.
  28. American Psychiatric Association, "Guideline regarding possible conflict between psychiatrist's religious commitment and psychiatric practice", American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 147, no. 4, pp. 542, 1990. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.4.542
  29. K. Wilber, The eye of spirit, Shambhala Publication Ins, Boston, pp. 46, 1997.
  30. H. H. Bloomfield, Transdenscental meditation as an adjunct to therapy. In Boorstein S: Transpersonal Psychiatry. 2nd ed, State university of New York Press, Albany, New York, pp. 143-163, 1996.