참고문헌
- Ragauskas AJ, Beckham GT, Biddy MJ, Chandra R, Chen F, Davis MF, Davison BH, Dixon RA, Gilna P, Keller M, Langan P, Naskar AK, Saddler JN, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Wyman CE, Lignin valorization: improving lignin processing in the biorefinery. Science 2014;344:1246843. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246843
- Zakzeski J, Bruijnincx PC, Jongerius AL, Weckhuysen BM, The catalytic valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals. Chem Rev 2010;110:3552-3599. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900354u
- Kang SM, Li XL, Fan J, Chang J, Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: A review. Renew Sust Energy Rev 2013;27:546-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.013
- Laurichesse S, Averous L, Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2014;39:1266-1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.11.004
- Pandey MP, Kim CS, Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods. Chem Eng Technol 2011;34:29-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201000270
- Vishtal A, Kraslawski A, Challenges in industrial application of technical lignin. BioResources 2011;6:3547-3568.
- Dorrestijin E, Laarhoven LJJ, Arends IWCE, Mulder P, The occurrence and reactivity of phenoxyl linkages in lignin and low rank coal. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 2000;54:153-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00082-0
- Nowakowski DJ, Bridgwater AV, Elliott DC, Meier D, de Wild P, Lignin fast pyrolysis: Results from an international collaboration. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 2010;88:53-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.02.009
- Shen DK, Gu S, Luo KH, Wang SR, Fang MX, The pyrolytic degradation of wood-derived lignin from pulping process. Bioresour Technol 2010;101:6136-6146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.078
- Choi HS, Meier D, Fast pyrolysis of Kraft lignin-Vapor cracking over various fixed-bed catalysts. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 2013;100:207-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.12.025
- Mukkamala S, Wheeler MC, van Heiningen ARP, DeSisto WJ, Formate-Assisted Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin. Energy Fuels 2012;26:1380-1384. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201756a
- Zhang M, Resende FLP, Moutsoglou A, Catalytic fast pyrolysis of aspen lignin via Py-GC/MS. Fuel 2014;116:358-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.128
- Nguyen TDH, Maschietti M, Belkheiri T, Amand LE, Theliander H, Vamling L, Olausson L, Andersson SI, Catalytic depolymerisation and conversion of Kraft lignin into liquid products using near-critical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2014;86:67- 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2013.11.022
- Beauchet R, Monteil-Rivera F, Lavoie JM, Conversion of lignin to aromatic-based chemicals (L-chems) and biofuels (L-fuels). Bioresour Technol 2012;121:328-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.061
- Erdocia X, Prado R, Corcuera MA, Labidi J, Base catalyzed depolymerization of lignin: Influence of organosolv lignin nature. Biomass & Bioenergy 2014;66:379-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.021
- Roberts VM, Stein V, Reiner T, Lemonidou A, Li X, Lercher JA, Towards quantitative catalytic lignin depolymerization. Chemistry 2011;17:5939-5948. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201002438
- Long JX, Xu Y, Wang TJ, Yuan ZQ, Shu RY, Zhang Q, Ma L, Efficient base-catalyzed decomposition and in situ hydrogenolysis process for lignin depolymerization and char elimination. Applied Energy 2015;141:70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.025
- W. W. Zmierczak JDM, US007964761B2. 2011.
- Jongerius AL, Bruijnincx PCA, Weckhuysen BM, Liquid-phase reforming and hydrodeoxygenation as a two-step route to aromatics from lignin. Green Chem 2013;15:3049-3056. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41150h
- Patil PT, Armbruster U, Richter M, Martin A, Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydroprocessing of Organosolv Lignin in Sub-and Supercritical Solvents. Energy Fuels 2011;25:4713-4722. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef2009875
- Xu W, Miller SJ, Agrawal PK, Jones CW, Depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of switchgrass lignin with formic acid. ChemSusChem 2012;5:667-675. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201100695
- Huang X, Koranyi TI, Boot MD, Hensen EJ, Catalytic depolymerization of lignin in supercritical ethanol. ChemSusChem 2014;7:2276-2288. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402094
- Ma R, Hao W, Ma X, Tian Y, Li Y, Catalytic ethanolysis of Kraft lignin into high-value small-molecular chemicals over a nanostructured alpha-molybdenum carbide catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014;53:7310-7315. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402752
- Tang Z, Zhang Y, Guo QX, Catalytic Hydrocracking of Pyrolytic Lignin to Liquid Fuel in Supercritical Ethanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010;49:2040-2046. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9015842
- Barta K, Matson TD, Fettig ML, Scott SL, Iretskii AV, Ford PC, Catalytic disassembly of an organosolv lignin via hydrogen transfer from supercritical methanol. Green Chem 2010;12:1640-1647. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00181c
- Huang S, Mahmood N, Tymchyshyn M, Yuan Z, Xu CC, Reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin for chemicals and fuels using formic acid as an in-situ hydrogen source. Bioresour Technol 2014;171:95-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.045
- Kleinert M, Barth T, Towards a lignincellulosic biorefinery: Direct one-step conversion of lignin to hydrogen-enriched biofuel. Energy Fuels 2008;22:1371-1379. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700631w
- Yong TLK, Matsumura Y, Reaction Kinetics of the Lignin Conversion in Supercritical Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012;51:11975-11988. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie300921d
- Ye YY, Zhang Y, Fan J, Chang J, Novel Method for Production of Phenolics by Combining Lignin Extraction with Lignin Depolymerization in Aqueous Ethanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012;51:103-110. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie202118d
- Gosselink RJ, Teunissen W, van Dam JE, de Jong E, Gellerstedt G, Scott EL, Sanders JP, Lignin depolymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide/acetone/water fluid for the production of aromatic chemicals. Bioresour Technol 2012;106:173-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.121
- Kim JY, Oh S, Hwang H, Cho TS, Choi IG, Choi JW, Effects of various reaction parameters on solvolytical depolymerization of lignin in sub- and supercritical ethanol. Chemosphere 2013;93:1755-1764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.003
- Cheng S, Wilks C, Yuan Z, Leitch M, Xu C, Hydrothermal degradation of alkali lignin to bio-phenolic compounds in sub/supercritical ethanol and water-ethanol co-solvent. Polym Degrad Stab 2012;97:839-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.044
- Ehara K, Saka S, Kawamoto H, Characterization of the ligninderived products from wood as treated in supercritical water. J Wood Sci 2002;48:320-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00831354
- Yuan Z, Cheng S, Leitch M, Xu CC, Hydrolytic degradation of alkaline lignin in hot-compressed water and ethanol. Bioresour Technol 2010;101:9308-9313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.140
- Rahimi A, Azarpira A, Kim H, Ralph J, Stahl SS, Chemoselective metal-free aerobic alcohol oxidation in lignin. J Am Chem Soc 2013;135:6415-6418. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja401793n
- Ma R, Xu Y, Zhang X, Catalytic oxidation of biorefinery lignin to value-added chemicals to support sustainable biofuel production. ChemSusChem 2015;8:24-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402503
- Kleinert M, Gasson JR, Barth T, Optimizing solvolysis conditions for integrated depolymerisation and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin to produce liquid biofuel. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 2009;85:108-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2008.09.019
- Yokoyama S-y, Suzuki A, Murakami M, Ogi T, Koguchi K, Nakamura E, Liquid fuel production from sewage sludge by catalytic conversion using sodium carbonate. Fuel 1987;66:1150-1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90315-2
- Goran G, Per T, Peter A, Birgit B, Lignin recovery and lignin-based products. in: Christopher LP. Integrated forest biorefineries challenges and opportunities. Thomas Graham House, United Kingdom: The Royal Society Of Chemistry; 2013, pp. 180-210.
- Matsushita Y, Yasuda S, Preparation and evaluation of lignosulfonates as a dispersant for gypsum paste from acid hydrolysis lignin. Bioresour Technol 2005;96:465-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.05.023
- Hasegawa I, Fujji Y, Yammada K, Kariya C, Takayama T, Ligninsilica hybrids as precursors for silicon carbide. J Appl Polym Sci 1999;73:1321-1328. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19990815)73:7<1321::AID-APP25>3.0.CO;2-0