Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Differences of Psychosocial Vulnerability Factors between Internet and Smartphone Addiction Groups Consisting of Children and Adolescents in a Small to Medium-Sized City

일 중소도시 소아청소년의 인터넷 및 스마트폰중독 수준에 따른 심리사회적 취약요인의 차이

  • Jun, Young-Soon (Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Ho (Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital) ;
  • Shin, Yong-Tae (Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jo, Seongwoo (Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University)
  • 전영순 (건국대학교 충주병원 정신건강의학과) ;
  • 김태호 (건국대학교 충주병원 정신건강의학과) ;
  • 신용태 (충북대학교 심리학과) ;
  • 조성우 (충북대학교 심리학과)
  • Received : 2016.03.10
  • Accepted : 2016.09.01
  • Published : 2016.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internet addiction, smartphone addiction, and psychosocial factors. This study was designed to examine the vulnerability factors for internet and smartphone addiction. Methods: The participants were 1041 children and adolescents in a small and medium-sized cities. All of the participants were evaluated in terms of their demographic characteristics and present use of the internet and smartphone, as well as using internet and smartphone addiction and other psychological scales. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the psychosocial factors between the high risk, potential risk, and general user groups of internet and smartphone addiction. Results: The participants were classified into three groups, the high risk (N=33), potential risk (N=203), and general user (N=805) groups with regard to their internet and smartphone addiction level. There were statistical significantly differences between the groups in terms of the economic status of the family, academic performance, parents, use of internet and smartphone, loneliness, family cohesion, family adaptability, perceived social support, and peer relationship. Conclusion: These results suggest that the internet and smartphone addiction of children and adolescents is related to various psychosocial vulnerability factors.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Internet & Security Agency. 2015 research on the internet use. Seoul: Korea Internet & Security Agency;2015
  2. National Information Society Agency. A survey on internet addiction. Seoul: National Information Society Agency;2015.
  3. Choi W, Son J, Kim Y, Lee S, Shin C, Kim S, et al. A study of covert narcissism in adolescent internet addiction: relationship to anonymity, presence, interactivity, and achievement motivation. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011;22:103-111. https://doi.org/10.5765/JKACAP.2011.22.2.103
  4. Oh EJ, Choi SW, Lee HK, Park JH, Ahn JH, Choi JE, et al. Relationship between internet game addiction and psychiatric symptoms in a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;25:136-141. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.136
  5. Kwon J, Koo HJ. Risk and protective factors of internet addiction: a meta-analysis of empirical studies in korea. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:1691-1711. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2014.55.6.1691
  6. Choi S, Kim D, Choi J, Ahn H, Choi E, Song W, et al. Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction and Internet addiction. J Behav Addict 2015;4:308-314. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.043
  7. National Information Society Agency. Development of Korean internet addiction proneness scale for youth and adults. Seoul: National Information Society Agency;2011.
  8. National Information Society Agency. Development of Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale for youth and adults. Seoul: National Information Society Agency;2011.
  9. Kwon M, Lee J, Won W, Park J, Min J, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoS One 2013;8:e56936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
  10. Hyun GJ, Han DH, Lee YS, Kang KD, Yoo SK, Chung US, et al. Risk factors associated with online game addiction: a hierarchical model. Comput Hum Behav 2015;48:706-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.008
  11. Jeong H, Park T, Lee S, Lee S, Chung S, Chung Y, et al. Internet game addiction and emotional and behavioral characteristics in upper grade elementary school students and middle school students. J Korean Acad Child Psychiatry 2010;21:87-94. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2010.21.2.087
  12. Young KS. Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology Behav Soc Netw 1998;1:237-244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
  13. Hoge DR, McCarthy JD. Issues of validity and reliability in the use of real-ideal discrepancy scores to measure self-regard. J Personal Soc Psychol 1983;44:1048-1055. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.5.1048
  14. Choi J, Lee Y. The effect of actual self, ideal self and self-discrepancy on depression. Korean J Clin Psychol 1998;17:69-87.
  15. Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE. The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol 1980;39:472-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
  16. Kim OS. Korean version of the revised UCLA loneliness scale. J Korean Acad Nurs 1997;27:871-879.
  17. Ray GE, Cohen R. Children's friendships: expectations for prototypical versus actual best friends. Child Study J 1996;26:209-227.
  18. Lee YO. Children's behavioral and psychological expectations on their friendships. Seoul: Kookmin Univ.;1997.
  19. Olson DH, Portner J, Lavee Y. FACES III. St. Paul, MN: Family Social Science, University of Minnesota;1985.
  20. Han SB. The relationship between children's self-concepts and family systems as analyzed by the circumplex model. Korean J Child Studies 1992;13:145-160.
  21. Park J. A study of development a scale of social support. Seoul: Yonsei Univ.;1985.
  22. Yoon H. A perception of everyday stress and social network support in adolescence. Seoul: Seoul Univ.;1993.
  23. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992;112:155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
  24. Mok JY, Choi SW, Kim DJ, Choi JS, Lee J, Ahn H, et al. Latent class analysis on internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014;10:817-828.
  25. Lam LT, Peng ZW, Mai JC, Jing J. Factors associated with Internet addiction among adolescents. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009;12:551-555. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0036
  26. Kuss DJ, van Rooij AJ, Shorter GW, Griffiths MD, van de Mheen D. Internet addiction in adolescents: prevalence and risk factors. Comput Hum Behav 2013;29:1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
  27. Wangberg SC, Andreassen HK, Prokosch HU, Santana SM, Sorensen T, Chronaki CE. Relations between internet use, socio-economic status (SES), social support and subjective health. Health Promot Int 2008;23:70-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dam039
  28. Demirci K, Akgonul M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict 2015;4:85-92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
  29. Park JH, Hyun GJ, Son JH, Lee YS. Internet gaming disorder treatment options in the hospital setting. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015;26:75-85. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.2.75
  30. Lee H, Choi TY. The Psychosocial approaches of internet/game addiction. J Korean Soc Biol Ther Psychiatry 2015;21:65-72.
  31. Kwon J. The internet game addiction of adolescents: temporal changes and related psychological variables. Korean J Clin Psychol 2005;24:267-280.

Cited by

  1. A Preliminary Study on the Effectiveness of the Peer Relationship Enhancement Program in Adolescents at Risk for Internet and Smartphone Addiction vol.29, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2018.29.2.40