Korean Journal of Child Studies (아동학회지)

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Maternal Attitude Toward Child's Emotional Expressiveness, Young Child's Attachment Stability, and Emotional Regulation Ability on Young Child's Problematic Behaviors

어머니의 정서표현수용태도 및 유아의 애착안정성과 정서조절능력이 문제행동에 미치는 영향

  • Seo, Seon Ok (Department of Early Childhood Education, Inje University) ;
  • Shim, Mi Kyung (Department of Early Childhood Education, Inje University)
  • Received : 2016.02.29
  • Accepted : 2016.08.11
  • Published : 2016.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of maternal attitude toward child emotional expressiveness, young child attachment stability, and emotion regulation ability on problematic behaviors. The participants of this study consisted of 279 children (age 5), and their mothers, and 48 teachers. Methods: The data was analyzed by means of t -test, Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and SEM analyses. Results and Conclusion: The major findings were as follows. First, higher maternal attitude toward child emotional expressiveness was associated with better child attachment stability. Second, higher child attachment stability was associated with better child emotion regulation at home and lower problematic behavior. Third, higher child emotion regulation at home and in the classroom was associated with lower problematic behavior. Fourth, maternal attitudes toward child emotional expressiveness directly impacted levels of problematic behavior. Fifth, child emotional regulation fully mediated the effect of attachment stability on problematic behavior.

Keywords

References

  1. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Infant-mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34(10), 932-937. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.932
  2. Albercht, T. L., Burleson, B. R., & Goldmith, D. J. (1994). Supportive communication. In M. L. Knapp & G. R. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (2nd ed., pp. 419-449). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  3. Behar, L., & Stringfield, S. (1974). A behavior rating scale for the preschool child. Developmental Psychology, 10(5), doi:10.1037/h0037058
  4. Cassidy, J. (1994). Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2/3, Serial No. 240), 228-249. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01287.x
  5. Cohn, D. A. (1990). Child-mother attachment of six-years olds and social competence an school. Child Development, 61(1), 152-162. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02768.x
  6. Crowell, J. A., & Feldman, S. (1998). Mother’s internal models of relationships and children’s behavioral and developmental status: A study of mother-child interaction. Child Development, 59(5), 1273-1285. doi:10.2307/1130490
  7. Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (1994). Children and marital conflict: The impact of family dispute and resolution. New York: Guilford Press.
  8. Denham, S. A. (1993). Maternal emotional responsiveness and toddler's social emotional competence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34(5), 715-728. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01066.x
  9. Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: Guilford Press.
  10. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parent's reactions to children's negative emotions: Relations to children's social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67(5), 2227-2247. doi:10.2307/1131620
  11. Eisenberg, N., Gershoff, E. T., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A., Losoya, S. H., . . . Murphy, B. C. (2001). Mothers' emotional expressivity and children's behavior problems and social competence: Mediation through children's regulation. Developmental Psychology, 37(4), 475-490. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.475
  12. Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Fabes, R., Smith, C. L., Reiser, M., Shepard, S. A., . . . Cumberland, A. J. (2003). The relations of effortful control and ego control to children's resiliency and social functioning. Developmental Psychology, 39(4), 761-776. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.4.761
  13. Erickson, M. F., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (1985). The relationship between quality of attachment and behavior problems in preschool in a high-risk sample. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1/2), 147-166. doi:10.2307/3333831
  14. Fabes, R. A., & Eisenberg, N. (1992). Young children's coping with interpersonal anger. Child Development, 63(1), 116-128. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03600.x
  15. Feshbach, S. (1987). Individual aggression, national attachment, and the search for peace: Psychological perspective. Aggressive Behavior, 13(5), 315-325. doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:5<315::AID-AB2480130508>3.0.CO;2-4
  16. Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: Strategies and emotional expression in four context. Child Development, 67(3), 928-941. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01774.x
  17. Hanish, L. D., Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Spinrad, T. L., Ryan, P., & Schmidt, S. (2004). The expression and regulation of negative emotions: Risk factors for young children's peer victimization. Development and Psychopathology, 16(2), 335-353. doi:10.1017/S0954579404044542
  18. Kochanska, G. (2001). Emotional development in children with different attachment histories: The first three years. Child Development, 72(2), 474-490. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00291
  19. Kopp, C. B. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 199-214. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.18.2.199
  20. Ladd, G. W., & Price, J. M. (1987). Predicting children's social and school adjustment following the transition from preschool to kindergarten. Child Development, 58(5), 1168-1189. doi:10.2307/1130613
  21. Lyon-Ruth, K. (1996). Attachment relationships among children with aggressive behavior problems: The role of disorganized early attachment patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(1), 64-73. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.1.64
  22. Mangelsdorf, S. C., Shapiro, J. R., & Marzolf, D. (1995). Developmental and temperamental differences in emotion regulation in infancy. Child Development, 66(6), 1817-1828. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00967
  23. Matas, L., Arend, A. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1978). Continuity of adaptation in the second year: The relationship between quality of attachment and later competence. Child Development, 49(3), 547-556. doi:10.2307/1128221
  24. Putallaz, M., & Sheppard, B. H. (1992). Conflict management and social competence. In C. U. Shantz & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Conflict in child and adolescent development (pp. 330-355). New York: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1993-97065-012
  25. Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95-103. doi:10.1037/h0045357
  26. Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., & Hershey, K. L. (1994). Temperament and social behavior in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40(1), 21-39. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23087906
  27. Rubin, K. H., Hastings, P., Chen, X., Stewart, S., & Mcnichol, K. (1998). Intrapersonal and maternal correlates of aggression, conflict, and externalizing problems in toddlers. Child Development, 69(6), 1614-1629. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998. tb06180.x
  28. Saarni, C. (1989). Psychometric properties of the Parent Attitude toward Children's Expressiveness Scale (PACES). Unpublished manuscript, Department of Counseling, Sonoma State University, California, CA. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED317301.pdf
  29. Shortt, J. W., Stoolmiller, M., Smith-Shine, J. N., Eddy, J. M., & Sheebr, L. (2010). Maternal emotion coaching, adolescent anger regulation, and siblings' externalizing symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(7), 799-808. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02207.x
  30. Song, H. (2003). The relationships between parental reaction to children's negative emotions and children's emotional understanding: Mediated pathways children's internal working models of attachment relationship. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T10091855
  31. Tomkins, S. S. (1990). Affect, Imagery, and Consciousness: Vol. 3. The negative affects: Anger and fear. New York: Springer.
  32. Valiente, C., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, M. R., Cumberland, A., & Losoya, S. H. (2006). Relations among mother's expressivity, children's effortful control, and their problem behaviors: A four-year longitudinal study. Emotion, 6(3), 459-472. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.459
  33. Valiente, C., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Reiser, M. (2007). Pathways to problem behaviors: Chaotic homes, parent and child effortful control, and parenting. Social Development, 16(2), 249-267. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00383.x
  34. Waters, E., & Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Social competence as a developmental construct. Developmental Review, 3, 79-97. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(83)90010-2
  35. Zelman, J., & Shipman, K. (1996). Children's expression of negative affect: Reasons and methods. Developmental Psychology, 32(5), 842-849. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.5.842
  36. Bae, B. R. (2014). Amos 21 structural equation modeling. Seoul: Cheongram.
  37. Bae, M. J. (2008). The relations among the mother's emotional expressiveness, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, parenting attitudes, and children's behavior problems (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11267497
  38. Cho, E.-J., & Jung, J.-S. (2011). A study on the relations among the pattern of young children-mother attachment, characteristic of play, and social skills. The Korean Journal of Child Education, 20(1). 251-264. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82510655
  39. Cho, S.-J., Doh, H.-S., & Kim, S. (2010). The relationship between maternal attitudes toward children's expressiveness children's emotional intelligence and problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 31(6), 167-183. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82491597
  40. Choi, J.-M., & Nam, Y. J. (2012). The effect of mother's attachment to young child on the young child's emotion regulation. The Journal of Play Therapy, 16(1), 13-24. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A60096407
  41. Campbell, S. B. (2007). Behavior problems in preschool children (S. H. Min, Trans.). Seoul: Sigmapress. (Original work published 2002)
  42. Hwang, H.-J. (1999). The Relationship Between Children's Emotional Intelligence and Emotional & Behavioural Problems. The Journal of Elementary Education, 13(1), 51-69. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A3102853
  43. Hwang, S.-Y., & Bang, H.-J. (2012). The Effects of Attachment and Temperament on the Emotional and Social Competence of Children. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 19(3), 147-165. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99582629
  44. Jeong, S. G. (2013). The relationship between children's emotional regulation skills and mother's reactions to their children's negative emotions (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13110023
  45. Kim, E.-K., Doh, H.-S., Kim, M.-J., & Park, B.-K. (2007). Social competence: Its relationship to parents' attitudes toward children's expressiveness and emotion regulation. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 28(3), 115-131. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75583335
  46. Kim, H.-S. (2009). The Relationship among Mothers' Working Models of Attachment, Emotional Expressive and their Preschoolers' Emotional-control and behavior Problem. Korean Journal of Child Care and Education, 59, 329-348. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76602648
  47. Kim, H. S. (2015). Effects of maternal emotional expressiveness, maternal attitude toward preschooler's emotional expressiveness, and preschooler's effortful control on the kindergarten adjustmenet (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13819197
  48. Kim, J. K. (2010). Preschooler's internal, external problem behavior according to types of multiple-attachments to both mothers and teachers. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 31(5), 1-15. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82405824
  49. Kim, J. S. (1999). The relation between children's perception of social support and their socio-emotional adjustment (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T8950698
  50. Kim, J. Y., Doh, H. S., & Kim, M. J. (2008). Problem behavior of preschool children: The influence of marital conflict and of children's temperament and emotion regulation. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 29(5), 133-150. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75585471
  51. Kim, S. A., & Park, S. Y. (2009). Relationships between caregivers' attachment, young children's emotion regulation and aggression: Institutionalized vs. home-reared children. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 30(1), 43-57. Retrieved from http:// www.riss.kr/link?id=A76377473
  52. Kim, S. J. (2000). The relation among mother's acceptance of emotional expression, children's emotional maladjustment and prosocial behavior (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T8553013
  53. Kim, S. R., & Koh, Y. H. (2009). A structural model analysis of mothers' and teachers' emotional expressiveness, children's emotional regulation and children's problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 29(6), 45-65. Retrieved from http://kiss.kstudy.com/
  54. Kwon, J.-Y., Chung M.-R., Park, S.-K., & Yee, B.-S. (2012). An exploration of the variables concerning infants' emotion regulation ability. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 32(4), 427-444. http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99545666 https://doi.org/10.18023/kjece.2012.32.4.018
  55. Lee, C. S., & Hyun, E. J. (2008). The effects of children's personal psychological variables and parents' attitudes toward child rearing on children's behavioral problems. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education. 28(3), 51-70. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A5095537
  56. Lee, C. S., & Kim, K. Y. (2008). A study of young children's internal and external problem behavior related factors. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 15(2). 161-184. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99535003
  57. Lee, E. S., Hwang, M. Y., & Kim, Y. H. (2009). Attachment styles, emotional regulation and social competence in young children. Journal of Human Ecology, 13(1), 59-82. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76515169
  58. Lee, J.-E. (2014). The effects of maternal beliefs about emotions and reactions to children's negative emotions on preschooler's emotion regulation (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13388647
  59. Lee, J. [Jung]. S., & Baek, J. E. (2004). The relation between children's attachment, self-perception, and behavior problems. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 9(3), 149-168. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75432735
  60. Lee, J. [Jin]. S., & Cho, B. H. (2001). Preschool children's representation of attachment: Associations with teacherchild relationship and social competence. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 22(3), 17-29. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A3034901
  61. Lee, Y. M. (2007). The relationships among parent's emotional expressiveness, child's emotional regulation, and adaptaion to school life (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http:// www.riss.kr/link?id=T11267566
  62. Moon, E.-S., & Kim, M.-H. (2011). The relationship between mothers' attitudes toward their children's expressiveness, teacher-child relationship and problematic behavior in preschoolers. The Journal of Eco Early Childhood Education, 10(2), 59-81. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100033072
  63. Moon, Y.-K. (2010). The effects of maternal emotional availability on preschooler's social skills and problem behaviors: Mediating effects of preschooler's effortful control (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11987431
  64. Oh, J.-Y., & Kwak, N.-U. (2006). The influence of security attachments to mothers and pre-kindergarten caregivers on adaptive behaviors during the first four weeks of kindergarten. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 26(1), 167-187. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99534817
  65. Park, H.-J., Lee, S.-H., Choi, H.-H., & Bang, H.-J. (2005). The relation of attachment and emotion regulation of infant in the strange situation procedure. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 23-38. Retrieved from http:// www.riss.kr/link?id=A100634481
  66. Park, K. (2013). The influence of kindergarten teacher' job-satisfaction and efficacy on internal.external behavior problems, selfesteem of early childhood (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13023960
  67. Park, S. J. (2004). Relations between maternal socialization behaviors of emotions and school-aged children's competence and strategies of emotion regulation (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T9832780
  68. Park, Y.-K. (2009). Relation between parental reactions to child's negative emotions and child's emotion regulation: The mediating role of emotional clarity (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11543235
  69. Seo, H., & Lee, Y. (2008). The effect of maternal attitude toward child's emotional expressiveness and maternal emotional expressiveness on preschoolers' emotional regulation strategies. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 29(2), 33-56. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A5095651
  70. Seo, S. O., & Shim, M. K. (2015). A preliminary study to the validity of "Attachment Q-set" as a measuring tool for 5 years' attachment. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 36(3), 175-194. doi:10.5723/KJCS.2015.36.3.175
  71. Shim, M. K. (1996). An epidemiological study of emotional and behaviour difficulties: Relationships to psychosocial functioning. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 17(1), 227-243. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A303464
  72. Son, H. S. (2000). Young children's social competence by the types of multiple-attachments to mothers and teachers. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 20(3), 85-97. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99534447
  73. Son, H. S. (2001). Young children’s aggression in relationship to the types of multiple-attachments to mothers and teachers. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 5(2), 49-68.
  74. Yang, A.-K. (2006). The relationship between the dual-income family and young child's teacher-parents attachment. The Journal of Child Education, 15(4), 197-212. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A5003385
  75. Yeo, E. J. (2009). A structural model analysis of the relationships among children's emotionality, mother's emotionality, mother's emotion-related socialization behaviors and children's emotion regulation (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11580588
  76. Yoo, J. H. (2009). Relations among maternal attitude toward children's expresiveness, childern's self-esteem, children's selfcontrol (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11545122
  77. You, H.-S. (2012). Structural relationship among mother's attachment, parenting behavior, children's temperament, and children's attachment. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 16(3), 49-70. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A60133089

Cited by

  1. A Longitudinal Study on the Relationships between Child Internalizing Problem Behaviors and the Related Variables vol.30, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13000/JFMSE.2018.08.30.4.1234
  2. The Mediating Effects of Parenting Stress, Child’s Temperament and Emotional Regulation in the Relationship Between Mother’s Parenting Sensitivity and Child’s School Readiness vol.40, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2019.40.5.69
  3. Korean infant-mother attachment security: longitudinal predictions of peer play interactions and behavioural problems in early childhood vol.191, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1598400