Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Association of instant noodle intake with metabolic factors in Korea: Based on 2013~2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

성인 남녀에서 라면 섭취에 따른 대사적 지표 평가 : 2013~2014 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Yeon, Jee-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seowon University) ;
  • Bae, Yun-Jung (Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University)
  • 연지영 (서원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 배윤정 (신한대학교 식품조리과학부)
  • Received : 2016.05.25
  • Accepted : 2016.07.13
  • Published : 2016.08.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between instant noodle intake and metabolic factors in Korean adults. Methods: Study subjects were 5,894 (male 2,293, female 3,601) aged 19~64 years who participated in the 2013~2014 KNHANES. Information on frequency and consumption of instant noodles was obtained by the food frequency questionnaires method in KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), and subjects were classified according to age, sex, and instant noodle consumption (INC). Results: The frequency and consumption of instant noodles was 1.2 times/week and 1.2 servings in subjects. High INC group (${\geq}1$ serving/week) was significantly younger in age compared with the low INC group (< 1 serving/week). However, the high INC group had significantly higher waist circumference, metabolic factors (triglyceride, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol), and dietary intake (energy intake, fat, and sodium density) compared with the low INC group. Hyperglycemia showed association with higher risk of highest quartile of INC after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, gender, household income, education, smoking, and alcohol compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8). In female, abdominal obesity showed association with higher risk of highest quartile of INC after adjustments for multiple confounding factors compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.2). Conclusion: Consumption of instant noodles was associated with increased prevalence of abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia in women. These findings suggest an association of instant noodle consumption status with metabolic risk.

본 연구에서 2013~2014 국민건강영양조사 중 정량적 식품섭취빈도조사로 분석된 라면의 섭취 빈도 및 섭취량에 근거하여, 성인 남녀의 라면 섭취 실태 및 라면 섭취 정도에 따른 영양소 섭취 상태, 대사적 지표를 비교하고 이들과의 관련성을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 우리나라 성인에서 라면의 섭취 빈도는 주당 1.2회 (남성 1.4회, 여성 0.9회)였으며, 섭취량은 주당 1.2개 (남성 1.5개, 여성 0.8개)로 나타났다. 주당 1개 이상의 라면을 섭취하는 군 (라면 고섭취군)과 미만으로 섭취하는 군 (라면 저섭취군)으로 분류하여 분석시, 라면 고섭취군의 경우 라면 저섭취군에 비해 연령은 유의적으로 낮았고, 허리둘레, 혈중 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤 수준이 유의적으로 높았다. 또한 영양소 섭취에서 라면 고섭취군은 라면 저섭취군에 비해 총 열량 및 지방, 나트륨 및 비타민 $B_2$의 섭취 밀도는 유의적으로 높은 반면, 탄수화물, 인, 철, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_1$, 나이아신 및 비타민 C의 섭취 밀도는 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다. 또한 전체 대상자에서 교란인자의 보정 후 라면 섭취가 가장 높은 Q4군은 라면 섭취 정도가 가장 낮은 Q1군에 비해 고혈당의 odds ratio가 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1~1.8)였으며 (p for trend = 0.003), 여성에서는 라면 섭취 정도가 가장 높은 Q4군에서 Q1군에 비해 복부비만의 위험률이 60% (95% CI: 1.2~2.2) 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p for trend = 0.03). 이와 같은 결과는 라면의 섭취가 상대적으로 높은 우리나라에서 라면의 질적, 양적 섭취와 대사적 위험성을 의미하는 지표와의 관련성을 제안할 수 있는 근거자료가 될 수 있으며, 향후 라면 섭취가 건강상태에 미치는 영향에 관한 영양교육시 활용할 수 있는 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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