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Distribution of Soil Water Storage at a Hillslope in Sulmachun Watershed

설마천 사면의 토양층 저류량의 분포양상에 관한 연구

  • Jang, Eun-se (Department of Environmental Engineering/Water Resources Environmental Laboratory, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Hyun (Department of Environmental Engineering/Water Resources Environmental Laboratory, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Hoon (Hydrologic Survey Center)
  • Received : 2016.04.01
  • Accepted : 2016.06.30
  • Published : 2016.06.30

Abstract

The storage variation in the vadose zone at a hillslope is important to understand the hydrological process. This study explores seasonal changes of soil water storage at a hillslope scale. The study was conducted on a hillslope of Beomrunsa, located in the Seolma-cheon river basin in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. Using soil moisture measurements through Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), storage, discharge, and response constant were calculated for all monitoring points on a hillslope between March and November, 2010. This study found that temporal changes in storage are resulted from the rainfall distribution patterns. Analysis of the spatial changes in storage indicated that the soil water storage tends to increase towards the downslope direction. The discharges calculated based on the soil water measurements exhibited a high correlation with observation discharge. The storage response constant was high during the autumn which demonstrates the increased contribution from upslope is responsible for the occurrence of soil water recharge during autumn.

설마천 유역의 범륜사 사면에서 2010년 3월26일에서 동년 11월 30일까지 측정된 토양수분자료를 이용하여 사면에서의 저류 특성을 산정하고 분석하였다. 측정지점들을 위치와 특성에 따라 A, B 단면 C 지역으로 구분하여 저류변수들을 계절별로 분석하였으며, 지점별 초과유출과 저류상수도 계산하였다. 설마천의 측정된 토양수분자료를 이용하여 저류량의 시공간적 변화를 분석하였다. 시간적인 저류량의 변동양상은 봄철에 식생의 활동으로 저류량이 낮게 나타났고, 여름철에 강우사상에 의한 증가를 보이다가 가을철과 겨울철에 건조기간으로 인해 감소현상이 나타났으며, 공간적인 저류량의 변동양상은 상부사면은 충전효과가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났고, 중부사면은 상부사면보다 높은 초기 저류량을 가지며 일정량을 유지하는 특성이 나타났고, 하부사면은 강우사상에 의한 증가폭이 크며 감쇄는 완만하게 나타나 상부로부터의 기여와 충전을 확인할 수 있었다. 토양수분과 증발산으로 추정된 유량과 하부지점인 전적 비교에서 관측된 유량을 비교하였을 때 계절별, 위치별 상이한 연관성이 나타났다. 하부지점으로 갈수록 상관 관계가 높게 나타났고 완충지점인 C단면에서 비교적 높은 연관성이 나타났다. 계절별로는 여름철과 하부지점에서 계산된 유량이 높게 나타난 것을 알수 있는데 이는 하부지점이 사면유출발생 지점이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 것이다. 이와 같은 지점별 유량의 발생은 시간적인 요인보다는 공간적인 특성에 제어되고 있다고 판단된다. 유역의 특성을 고려하여 저류상수 K의 거동은 계절별로는 여름철과 가을철에 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 여름철에 많은 강우량으로 인해 저류상수가 높게 나타났고 가을철에 저류상수가 높게 나타난 것은 가을철 토양수분의 충전현상이 발달된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지점별로 하부지점으로 갈수록 저류상수 값이 증가 하였다. 이는 상부사면으로부터의 기여와 충전으로 설명될 수 있다.

Keywords

References

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